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Significance of Surgical operation

Surgical operation, according to various perspectives, encompasses a range of medical procedures essential for treating injuries, ailments, and specific conditions. In Buddhism, it includes operations sanctioned by the Buddha for serious ailments, whereas Ayurveda highlights techniques for ocular conditions and managing abscesses. The Arthashastra and historical accounts reference surgical practices as vital interventions when other treatments fail. Furthermore, science categorizes surgical operations as any procedure involving incisions to address health issues, emphasizing precision and careful management of risks.

Synonyms: Surgery, Surgical procedure, Operation, Surgical intervention, Surgical treatment, Procedure

In Dutch: Chirurgische operatie; In Finnish: Kirurginen leikkaus; In Spanish: Operaci贸n quir煤rgica; In German: Chirurgischer Eingriff; In Swedish: Kirurgisk operation; In Malay: Operasi pembedahan; In French: Op茅ration chirurgicale

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Surgical operation'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, "surgical operation" signifies a necessary medical procedure for healing, as experienced by a king, while also highlighting the restrictions placed on certain operations by the Blessed One, particularly in sensitive body areas.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga

(1) A medical procedure that involves the treatment of a specific condition, in this case referring to operations that the Blessed One forbids, particularly in sensitive areas of the body.[1]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Buddhism (general):

From: Apadana commentary (Atthakatha)

(1) A medical procedure that the king underwent after doctors declared it necessary for curing his sore.[2]

Hindu concept of 'Surgical operation'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, a surgical operation encompasses various medical procedures, including incisions and interventions for severe ailments, emphasizing techniques for treating conditions like abscesses, ulcers, and tumors while adhering to traditional Ayurvedic practices.

Significance in Ayurveda (science of life):
Ayurveda Books

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 4: Cikitsasthana

(1) Procedures involving incision, draining, or removal of tissues to manage tumors or glandular swellings effectively.[3] (2) An invasive procedure discussed as a potential necessity for treating various hard-to-cure types of Udara.[4] (3) A medical procedure that may involve removing hemorrhoids or polypii in more severe cases.[5] (4) Procedures involving the use of instruments and techniques to intervene in medical situations.[6] (5) Procedures that are recommended to treat abscesses or inflammatory swellings when other remedies fail.[7]

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 1: Sutrasthana

(1) Medical procedures related to surgery, with practical instructions discussed in several chapters.[8] (2) Medical procedure involving incision or intervention in an abscess or swelling, requiring preparation of the patient.[9] (3) A medical procedure involving incisions and manipulations of tissues to treat a medical condition.[10] (4) A medical procedure involving the use of instruments to treat injuries or conditions, which leeches are preferred over when patients are not fit for surgery.[11] (5) A procedure involving the use of instruments to treat injuries or diseases through manual and instrumental techniques.[12]

From: Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra

(1) The medical procedure performed to rectify eye-diseases, particularly those requiring excision of abnormal growths.[13] (2) Medical procedures that may lead to postoperative bleeding, requiring the same treatments as those for Rakta-pitta.[14] (3) A medical procedure involving intervention in the body, used as a last resort in treating severe ocular conditions.[15]

From: Bhesajjakkhandhaka (Chapter on Medicine)

(1) A medical procedure involving the intervention to diagnose or treat a condition, particularly through incisions or manipulations of tissues.[16] (2) A medical procedure allowed by the Buddha for treating a carbuncle, indicating the seriousness of the condition.[17]

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 3: Sharirasthana

(1) In a surgical operation, care should be taken to avoid injuring any Marmas, as even minor harm to them can result in death or severe complications.[18] (2) An intervention requiring precise techniques, particularly when managing veins.[19]

From: Sushruta Samhita, volume 2: Nidanasthana

(1) Historical references to successful surgical techniques used by ancient Indian physicians, demonstrating advanced medical knowledge.[20]

Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Significance in Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy):
Rasashastra Books

From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 1: Initiation, Mercury and Laboratory

(1) Procedures conducted in the south-eastern part of the laboratory.[21]

From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 5: Treatment of various afflictions

(1) A potential intervention recommended during the treatment of gulma at the right time.[22]

From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry

(1) A medical procedure that may be required in severe cases of piles as part of treatment.[23]

Rasashastra is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.

Significance in Arthashastra (politics and welfare):
Arthashastra Books

From: Shukra Niti by Shukracharya

(1) Medical practices outlined in Ayurveda aimed at treating injuries and ailments.[24]

Arthashastra literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Garuda Purana

(1) Medical procedures performed on patients of varying ages, requiring specific techniques.[25]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

The concept of Surgical operation in local and regional sources

History Books

The term "Surgical operation" encompasses various medical procedures, including cataract surgery and others addressing health issues, while also serving as a metaphor for society's need for urgent changes and decisiveness in overcoming challenges.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The medical procedure performed to remove the cataract from the protagonist's eye, scheduled for the early morning and considered a main event in the narrative.[26] (2) A medical procedure performed to address health issues, in this case related to a pregnancy complication.[27] (3) A medical procedure performed to treat an ailment, in this case, cataract surgery.[28] (4) A medical procedure that D. V. Krishna Sastry underwent, resulting in the loss of his voice.[29] (5) A medical procedure involving incisions and instruments to repair or remove tissue, used as an analogy for the nature of war.[30]

From: History of Science in South Asia

(1) The operations that chapter six of the first section of the Sushrutasamhita deals with, as it is translated into the Persian text.[31]

The concept of Surgical operation in scientific sources

Science Books

Surgical operations involve precise procedures required for treating injuries to marma points, emphasizing the importance of accuracy and skill to ensure effective treatment and positive outcomes in such delicate situations.

Significance in Scientific journals, articles, etc.:

From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences

(1) This is a medical intervention, and all reoperated patients had undergone one prior thyroid operation.[32] (2) This is a process with different phases including nasal, sphenoidal, and sellar, utilizing an endoscope for the surgical steps.[33] (3) Procedures conducted to treat various surgical conditions; the participation of students in observing these operations varied significantly.[34]

This section includes scientific research in the field of healthcare, often involving traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Holistic health. It includes papers from scientific journals classified as either original, clinical or experimental research, review articles or case reports.

Plural form: Surgical operations.