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Significance of Samanya and vishesha

In Jainism, Samanya and vishesha describe the concepts of general qualities (samanya) that are permanent, and specific qualities (vishesha) that are impermanent, aiding in the analysis of substances. This distinction is echoed across various philosophical traditions, including Purana, Vyakarana, and Vaisheshika, where Samanya signifies universality while vishesha denotes individuality. In Ayurveda, these concepts help differentiate general characteristics from specific traits, facilitating effective diagnoses and treatments in health practices. Overall, Samanya and vishesha play a crucial role in understanding both the general and unique attributes of entities.

Synonyms: General and specific, Common

In Dutch: Samanya en vishesha; In Finnish: Samanya ja Vishesha; In Spanish: Samanya y vishesha; In German: Samanya und Vishesha

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Hindu concept of 'Samanya and vishesha'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Samanya signifies the universal, general characteristics of entities, while Vishesha highlights their specific, unique traits, emphasizing the interplay between generality and individuality within various categories and contexts.

Significance in Vaisheshika (school of philosophy):
Vaisheshika Books

From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali

(1) 'Samanya' refers to commonality among individuals, while 'Vishesha' differentiates unique characteristics; communities are primarily classified as 'Samanya'.[1] (2) Terms defining generality and individuality, highlighting the distinctions and relations within categories.[2] (3) Samanya represents generality or commonality, while Vishesha refers to specific properties distinguishing individual objects.[3]

Vaisheshika refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature

Significance in Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar):
Vyakarana Books

From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari

(1) Samanya refers to the universal category, while vishesha denotes particular instances or forms within that category.[4] (2) The distinction between the universal or general (samanya) and the particular or specific (vishesha) aspects of entities.[5]

Vyakarana refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) Terms referring to the ordinary (Samanya) and special (vishesha) types of rules or methods in various rituals and practices.[6]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Jain concept of 'Samanya and vishesha'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Samanya denotes permanent general qualities, whereas vishesha represents impermanent specific qualities. Together, these concepts are essential for analyzing the nature of substances, emphasizing their distinct and transient characteristics.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)

(1) The concepts of general (samanya) qualities, which are permanent, and specific (vishesha) qualities, which are impermanent, used to analyze substances.[7]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.