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Significance of Probability

In Tibetan Buddhism, Probability is understood as a specific form of cognition that involves evaluating likelihoods rather than absolute certainties. It encompasses the potential existence of an object or concept, especially in instances where one does not have direct knowledge or perception of it. This highlights the philosophical exploration of uncertainty and the nature of understanding within Tibetan Buddhist thought.1
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Synonyms: Chance, Possibility, Prospect, Likelihood ratio

In Dutch: Waarschijnlijkheid; In Finnish: °Õ´Ç»å±ð²Ô²Ôä°ìö¾±²õ²â²â²õ

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Probability'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, Probability encompasses the likelihood of the existence of concepts when they are not directly perceived, and it represents a cognitive process focused on evaluating possibilities rather than affirming certainties.

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]

(1) The likelihood or possibility of an object or concept existing, especially when there is non-apprehension of it.[1] (2) A form of cognition that involves assessing likelihoods rather than certainties.[2]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Probability'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Probability is perceived as an inference indicating that understanding or cognition emerges through a broader experience, suggesting that recognizing a hundred ideas stems from the prior cognition of a thousand.

Significance in Vaisheshika (school of philosophy):
Vaisheshika Books

From: Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali

(1) A form of Inference based on the probable existence of something, in this case suggesting that the cognition of a hundred arises from the cognition of a thousand.[3]

Vaisheshika refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature