365bet娱乐

Significance of Pramana

Pramana, across various philosophical and spiritual disciplines, refers to valid means of knowledge or methods of cognition. In Jainism, it emphasizes reliable evidence in philosophical discussions, while Tibetan Buddhism views it as the proof or logic necessary for understanding an entity. Similarly, in Ayurveda, Pramana encompasses multiple methods for validating knowledge, including measurement techniques and various epistemological tools. Overall, Pramana serves as a crucial instrument for acquiring accurate knowledge across different fields, including philosophy, architecture, and science.1
gallery thumb

Synonyms: Principle, Proof, Source of knowledge

In Dutch: Pramana; In German: Pramana; In Finnish: Pramana; In Spanish: Pramana; In Swedish: Pramana; In Malay: Pramana; In French: Pramana

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Pramana'

Buddhism Books

Pramana in Buddhism signifies methods of cognition that provide proof and evidence for understanding entities. It encompasses instruments for establishing valid knowledge and incorporates logic as an integral aspect of Buddhist teachings.

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Tattvasangraha [with commentary]

(1) An instrument or means of cognition, essential for establishing valid knowledge or understanding.[1] (2) Translating to Proof, Evidence, or Means of Cognition, this term signifies the means through which one knows or understands an Entity.[2]

From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)

(1) Logic, which was also part of the teachings received by stag sde ba seng ge rgyal mtshan.[3]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Hindu concept of 'Pramana'

Hinduism Books

Pramana in Hinduism signifies valid means of knowledge, encompassing methods like perception and testimony to understand reality, validate assertions, and differentiate between true and false knowledge, crucial for philosophical and legal contexts.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika

(1) The means or source of knowledge through which one seeks to understand avidya.[4] (2) Means or instruments of knowledge used to ascertain or validate empirical objects.[5] (3) The means or sources of knowledge through which one comes to know an object.[6] (4) An authoritative source of knowledge that conveys information which is otherwise not known.[7] (5) Means of knowledge or evidence that provide familiar understanding, which in the case of dyuloka and agni, allows for meditation based on various accepted sources.[8]

From: Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya)

(1) The means or instruments of obtaining true knowledge, employed by those who are learned to arrive at an understanding of reality.[9]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Ayurveda (science of life):
Ayurveda Books

From: History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda)

(1) Means of knowledge, in this context referring to different methods and sources of understanding valid knowledge.[10]

Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) A classification or body of knowledge in Hindu philosophy that deals with sources of knowledge and validity.[11]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Shilpashastra (iconography):
Shilpashastra Books

From: Manasara (English translation)

(1) The measurement of breadth in the context of idol proportions.[12]

Shilpashastra represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Significance in Vastushastra (architecture):
Vastushastra Books

From: Vastu-shastra (Introduction to Indian architecture)

(1) The measurement of breadth in the context of architectural and sculptural measurements.[13]

Vastushastra refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Jain concept of 'Pramana'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Pramana signifies valid means of knowledge, highlighting the necessity of reliable evidence in philosophy, while also implying a concept of 'height' or elevated understanding.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A term referring to valid means of knowledge, emphasizing the importance of reliable evidence in philosophical discussions.[14] (2) (啶啶班ぎ啶距ぃ, pramana), signifies height.[15]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Pramana in local and regional sources

History Books

Pramana, meaning means of knowledge or evidence in philosophy, is crucial in supporting Ramaraya's arguments for Advaita, as it involves utilizing various methods to substantiate philosophical claims.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) Means of knowledge or evidence in philosophy; Ramaraya utilized various pramanas to support his arguments for Advaita.[16]

From: History of Science in South Asia

(1) This term represents the measure or quantity used in the rule of three and the process of calculation.[17]