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Significance of Outer space

According to Vaishnavism, outer space encompasses the vast expanse beyond the Earth's atmosphere, believed to be the location of Svarga. It is perceived as a seemingly infinite realm where demigods reside and observe activities on Earth. This understanding highlights the spiritual significance of outer space in Vaishnavite beliefs, emphasizing its connection to divine beings and other celestial realms.

Synonyms: Universe, Cosmos, Celestial space, Void, Firmament, Infinity

In Dutch: Buitenruimte; In Finnish: Ulkoavaruus; In Spanish: Espacio exterior

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Hindu concept of 'Outer space'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Outer space encompasses the vast regions beyond Earth's atmosphere, associated with Svarga, the realm of gods, and serves as the observation point for demigods, illustrating its spiritual significance and cosmic dimensions.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) Outer space refers to the vast, seemingly infinite expanse that exists beyond the Earth's atmosphere.[1] (2) The vast, seemingly infinite expanse that exists beyond the Earth's atmosphere.[2] (3) Refers to the vast, seemingly infinite expanse beyond the Earth's atmosphere.[3] (4) The setting of the fight between Trinavarta and Kamsa, described as beyond the earth.[4] (5) The vast emptiness beyond the planets and stars, included as part of the universe described in the text.[5]

From: Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation

(1) The expanse beyond the Earth where the exalted Celestials gathered to watch the battle.[6] (2) The expanse beyond the Earth's atmosphere, where Celestials gathered to witness the Lord’s victory.[7]

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) The vast, seemingly infinite expanse that exists beyond Earth and its atmosphere, where the demigods watch from.[8]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) The vast expanse beyond the earth’s atmosphere, where Svarga is said to be located.[9]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu�).

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Mandukya Upanishad

(1) The seemingly infinite void surrounding the Universe, perceived within the framework of duality and material existence.[10]

From: Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika

(1) The space external to the person, referred to as 'this (space) outside (the person)' in the text.[11]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

The concept of Outer space in local and regional sources

History Books

Outer space is described as the expansive and boundless area that exists beyond the Earth's atmosphere, highlighting its infinite nature and the separation it creates between our planet and the cosmos that lies beyond.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The vast, seemingly infinite expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere.[12]