Significance of Mountain-range
In Jainism, the term Mountain-range refers to two principal ranges, Ishvakara and Mandara, in Pushkaradvipa, which run from south to north and separate the area into distinct parts. It highlights the geographical feature of Manushottara, significant for marking regions inhabited by humans. Additionally, it encompasses various mountain ranges that delineate different areas within Dhatakikhanda and Jambudvipa. Such mountain ranges symbolize strength and stability, playing essential roles in ancient texts related to the natural landscape.
Synonyms: Mountain chain, Ridge, Highland
In Dutch: Bergketen; In Finnish: Vuorijono; In Spanish: Cordillera; In German: Gebirgszug
The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.
Hindu concept of 'Mountain-range'
In Hinduism, "Mountain-range" signifies various series of mountains, including notable ranges and elevations, which serve as geographical boundaries, spiritual symbols, and metaphors for obstacles. Notable ranges include Himalayas, Vindhya, and Mahendra.
From: Markandeya Purana
(1) A geographical feature denoted as mts.[1] (2) The extensive groups of mountains, including two notable ranges that are positioned centrally within Jambudvipa.[2] (3) Series of mountains distinguishing the continents, including named ranges like Shvetaparna, Nila, and others in Bhadrashva, as well as Vishala, Kambala, and more in Ketumala.[3]
From: Vishnu Purana
(1) The various prominent mountain chains surrounding and extending from Mount Meru.[4] (2) The seven mountain ranges mentioned are Mahendra, Malaya, Sahya, Shuktimat, Gandhamadana, Vindhya, and Paripatra, which include numerous subordinate mountains.[5]
From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri)
(1) Natural landscapes mentioned in the blessings, symbolizing strength and stability for Rama's journey.[6]
From: Devi Bhagavata Purana
(1) Three specific mountain elevations namely Nishadha, Hemakuta, and Himalayas located south of Ilavrita.[7]
Jain concept of 'Mountain-range'
In Jainism, "Mountain-range" encompasses various formations, including the seven boundaries of different zones, notably Ishvakara and Mandara, and refers to Manushottara, which separates the Human World from other realms.
From: Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
(1) Refers to the two distinct mountain ranges named Ishvakara and Mandara in Pushkaradvipa, running from south to north.[8] (2) The geographical feature known as Manushottara, which divides the Pushkaradvipa into two parts and is significant in demarcating the area inhabited by human beings.[9] (3) The text refers to two mountain ranges, 鈥業shvakara鈥�, that run from south to north, dividing Dhatakikhanda into eastern and western parts.[10]
From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra
(1) A natural elevation of the Earth's surface with significant height, in this context, it refers to the Manushottara which surrounds the Human World.[11] (2) The seven mountain ranges that bounds the zones: Himavat, Mahahimavat, Nishadha, Nila, Rukmin, and Shikharin.[12]
The concept of Mountain-range in local and regional sources
The keyphrase "Mountain-range" symbolizes stability and permanence, indicating a transformation where the lion, often associated with strength, evolves into a lasting, powerful natural feature, highlighting the enduring essence of landscapes.
From: Triveni Journal
(1) The transformation of the lion into a mountain range, representing stability and permanence.[13]
From: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
(1) The author describes searching for a divine presence across various landscapes, including the mountainous areas.[14]