365bet娱乐

Significance of Madraka

Madraka has different interpretations across various texts. In Jainism, it refers to a geographic area. In the Purana, Madraka denotes a group of people viewed unfavorably due to their perceived lack of virtue and immoral conduct. The Natyashastra describes Madraka as a specific feature in poetic structure, consisting of twenty-two syllables, with designated syllables assigned as heavy. Thus, the term Madraka encompasses both geographical and social connotations, as well as a structural aspect in literature.

In Dutch: Madraka; In German: Madraka; In Finnish: Madraka; In Spanish: Madraca

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Madraka'

Buddhism Books

Madraka, in Buddhism, is interpreted as a kingdom associated with Queen Sudarshana, emphasizing its historical and cultural significance within Buddhist narratives and the connections it establishes with royal figures.

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Mahavastu (great story)

(1) A kingdom from which the queen Sudarshana hails.[1]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Madraka'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Madraka is interpreted as a metric with specific syllable patterns, and also denotes a group viewed negatively due to their perceived lack of virtue, characterized by wickedness, untruthfulness, and immoral behavior.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) A group referenced negatively, characterized by wickedness, untruthfulness, and immoral behavior.[2] (2) A group of people perceived negatively for their lack of virtue and condemned behaviors.[3]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy):
Natyashastra Books

From: Natyashastra (English)

(1) Madraka features twenty-two syllables with the first, fourth, sixth, tenth, twelfth, sixteenth, eighteenth, and last being heavy.[4]

Natyashastra refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Jain concept of 'Madraka'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Madraka is interpreted as a geographic area mentioned in sacred texts, which likely holds significance in the context of spiritual teachings and practices associated with Jain beliefs and traditions.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) A geographic area included in the text.[5]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Plural form: Madrakas.