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Significance of Five parts

The concept of "Five parts" appears in various traditions, each with distinct interpretations. In Hinduism and Purana, it pertains to elements like sacrificial offerings, the creation of the universe, and divisions for mantra collections. Tibetan Buddhism connects it with the seals of enlightened families. Vaishnavism emphasizes respectful bodily obeisances, while Natyashastra categorizes drama segments. Other traditions, like Vedanta and Kavya, focus on physiological functions and structural divisions in texts. Overall, the term encapsulates an array of significant structural components across cultures.1
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Synonyms: Five components, Five sections, Five elements, Five segments, Five pieces, Components, Pieces

In Dutch: Vijf delen; In Finnish: Viisi osaa; In Spanish: Cinco partes; In German: F眉nf Teile

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Five parts'

Buddhism Books

The "Five parts" in Buddhism encompasses essential robe components for Kathina, components linked to male and female consorts of enlightened families, and the structure of the mandala related to wrathful deities.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga

(1) The necessary components of the robe for the completion of the Kathina that must not be omitted.[1]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Akshayamatinirdesha [english]

(1) The five parts of personality are filled with suffering, and the essential character of the five parts of personality is suffering, and one understands that essential character.[2]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Hindu concept of 'Five parts'

Hinduism Books

The Five Parts in Hinduism refer to various divisions in traditions, measurements, mantras, texts, offerings, and physiological functions, encompassing regions, structural components, and spiritual practices that reflect the complexity and interconnectedness of Hindu beliefs.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Vishnu Purana

(1) The composition of the Bhavishya Purana, organized into five sections, with the first four dedicated to deities and the fifth dealing with repeated creation.[3]

From: Brihaddharma Purana (abridged)

(1) The division that Goddess Nature plans to undertake to assist her creations in their respective roles.[4]

From: Devi Bhagavata Purana

(1) The division of the Mula Prakriti into five components, related to the creation of the universe.[5]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) Another method of offering obeisances where five parts of the body touch the ground, showing a respectful attitude.[6]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy):
Rasashastra Books

From: Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry

(1) Indicates the quantity required for javaksara, rock salt, and borax in the preparation.[7]

Rasashastra is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.

Significance in Hinduism (general):

From: Satapatha-brahmana

(1) The sacrificial offering's components that become disordered, necessitating the structured approach of recognizing deities to restore order.[8]

Significance in Shilpashastra (iconography):
Shilpashastra Books

From: Manasara (English translation)

(1) The distance from the eye-line to a specified point below the eye in the measurements.[9]

Shilpashastra represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Prashna Upanishad (Madhva commentary)

(1) Refers to the division of the Prana into five distinct aspects or functions that govern various physiological processes in the body.[10]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).