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fundamental philosophy of Sh膩kyamuni Buddha as Dependent Arising. He
inherited and developed the philosophy of early buddhism that is based
on the twelve links of dependent arising, and based on this he understood
dependent arising to be the Middle Way of eight Negations. Thus his
theory of dependent arising is based on the Philosophy of the Perfection
of Wisdom S奴tras.
In "M奴lamadhyamaka k膩rik膩, N膩g膩rjuna insists that all existence is
emptiness or lack of inherent existence does not have a fixed form and a
self-nature, because they are dependent arising.
The occurrence of self-nature through causes and conditions is not proper.
Self-nature that has occurred as a result of causes and conditions would be
something that is made. (MK. 15.1)41
Again, how could there be a self-nature that is made? Indeed, an unmade
self-nature is also non-contingent upon another. (MK. 15.2.)42
[Commentary] In here the inherently existent is (a characteristic for] the Self
Existent. Just like the inherent nature (膩tm墨yam r奴pam) of something (padartha) is
defined as the inherent existence of that. (PP. 15.2)43
Because of the perception of change, the absence of self-nature of existents is
[recognized]. Because of the emptiness of existents, there is no existent without
self-nature. (n膩svabh膩va艣, ca bh膩vo 'sti). (MK. 13.3)44
: The Imperial Academy Of Sciences, 1903-1913), p.11. [abbreviated MKV(P)]
41 na sa峁僢hava岣� svabh膩vasya yukta岣� pratyaya-hetubhi岣�/ hetu-pratyaya-sa峁僢h奴ta岣�
svabh膩va岣� k峁泃ako bhavet// (MKV(P)., p.259)
42 svabh膩va岣� k峁泃ako n膩ma bhavisyati puna岣� katha峁�/ ak峁泃rima岣� svabh膩vo hi
nirapek峁�a岣� paratra ca// (MKV(P)., pp.260-262)
43 iha svo bh膩va岣� svabh膩va iti yasya padarthasya yad膩tm墨ya峁� rupam tattasya
svabh盲va iti vyapadi艣yate// (MKV(P)., p.262, 1.12 - p.263, 1.1)
44 bh膩v膩n膩峁� ni岣�svabh膩vatvam anyath膩-bh膩va-dar艣an膩t n膩svabh膩va艣 ca bh膩vo 'sti
bh膩v膩n膩峁� 艣奴nyat膩 yata岣�// J.W.De Jong, N膩g膩rjuna, M奴lamadhyamakak膩rik膩岣�, The
Adyar Library Series, No.109 (Madras: Adyar Library and Research Centre,
1977), p.17. The underlined portion of this verse is quoted from J.W.De Jong's
corrected edition and it is at variance with Poussin's corrected edition of the
same. De Jong's rectification was based on the manuscript possessed by Guiseppe
Tucci. However Poussin did not use the manuscript in Tucci's possession while
he was working on the corrected edition of "Prasannap邪d膩谢. J.W. De Jong,
Textcritical Notes on the Prasannapad膩, Indo-Iranian Journal, Vol. 20, Nos.1-2
(Holland: D.Raidel Publishing Company, 1978), p.55. In Poussin's corrected edition,
the verse is as follows: bh膩v膩n膩峁� ni岣�svabh膩vatvam anyath膩-bh膩va-dar艣an膩t/
asvabh膩vo bh膩vo n膩sti bh膩v膩n膩峁� 艣奴峁噛at膩 yata岣�// (MKV(P)., p.240)
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