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The word 'dependent-arising' in Sanskrit is prat墨tyasamutp膩da. It has
two parts: prat墨tya, a continuative meaning 'having depended', and
samutp膩da, an action noun meaning 鈥榓rising'. The formation of prat墨tya is:
-
in n + prati + su - su +
+ tuk (between i and ya) -
ktv膩 which changes to lyap - 1 - p
-
k - u + su su = prat墨tya.36
In other words, the verbal root in, meaning 鈥榞oing', loses its indicatory
letter 峁�, leaving i. To this, prati is affixed, and the nominative case
ending su is affixed to prati but immediately erased because prati is an
indeclinable. The continuative ending ktv膩 is added to i in the form of
lyap, of which the accent letter 1 and the p that indicates the addition of
the augment tuk are dropped. This leaves prati i ya. Tuk is added
between i and ya, and the indicatory k and pronunciation letter u are
dropped. The i of prati and the i of the verbal root are combined, making
prat墨tya. The nominative case ending su is added but is immediately
dropped because the continuative prat墨tya is an indeclinable.
The formation of samutp盲da is:
pada + ut (before pada) + sam (before utpada) + su (after
ut) + su (after sam) - su - su + ghan (which is a v峁沝dhi-
-
ing of a) + su u (with the s changing to) ru - u (with
the r changing to) 岣�
=
蝉补尘耻迟辫腻诲补岣�.37
In other words, the prefixes ut and sam are added to pada which
means 'going. The nominative case ending is added to these two and
then is immediately dropped because they are indeclinables, making
samutpada. The vowel of pad is strengthened for the sake of denoting an
action noun, making samutp盲da. The nominative case ending su is added;
the u is erased; the s changes into ru; the u is erased, and the r
changes into visarga, making samutp膩da岣�.
Prat卯tya is thus shown to be a continuative meaning 'having depended'
and not a secondary derivative noun as many Madhyamikas and
36 Jeffrey Hopkins, Meditation on Emptiness, p.163.
37 Jeffrey Hopkins, Ibid, p.163.
i
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