Review of analytical methods for azelnidipine and telmisartan.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review on analytical methods for estimation of azelnidipine and telmisartan in pharmaceutical dosage form
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Kreya H. Patel and Rajvi J. Mahida
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A review on analytical methods for estimation of azelnidipine and telmisartan in pharmaceutical dosage form
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20214-20093
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a prevalent condition that poses significant health risks, particularly as people age. It serves as a critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease. To address this concern, a new combination of the medications Azelnidipine and Telmisartan has been introduced, aimed at effectively managing Stage II hypertension. Azelnidipine functions as a calcium channel blocker, whereas Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker. This review article explores the recent advancements in analytical methods for assessing the efficacy of these pharmaceutical agents, highlighting the absence of a combined method for both drugs in the literature.
Role of Azelnidipine in Hypertension Management
Azelnidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, known for its role in reducing hypertension by inhibiting calcium influx in vascular smooth muscles. This action leads to vasodilation and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure. The medication is typically administered at doses of 8�16 mg once daily and is metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 system. Notably, Azelnidipine stands out due to its lack of active metabolites, ensuring a predictable pharmacokinetic profile. The analytical methods explored for Azelnidipine include various techniques such as UV spectrophotometry, RP-HPLC, and stability-indicating methods.
The Function of Telmisartan
Telmisartan, a benzimidazole derivative, operates as an angiotensin II receptor blocker. By selectively binding to the AT1 receptor, it counteracts the vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-releasing effects of angiotensin II, thereby helping to lower systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure. The medication is metabolized into an inactive acyl glucuronide, which is the only identified metabolite. Various analytical methods have been established for Telmisartan, including UV spectrophotometric techniques and HPLC methods. These methodologies not only facilitate accurate measurement of the drug in pharmaceutical forms but also assist in monitoring its pharmacological efficacy.
Analytical Method Development
The development and validation of analytical methods are fundamental in the pharmaceutical industry, as they ensure that drug formulations are safe, effective, and of high quality. The review highlights that while numerous individual methods exist for Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, there is a lack of standardized methods for their combined evaluation. Current practices encompass a repertoire of techniques, such as UV spectrophotometry, HPLC, and LC-MS, each tailored to determine either drug's concentration in various formulations. This comprehensive overview of analytical strategies provides a valuable foundation for future research, emphasizing the need for unified methods to assess the combination of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan.
Conclusion
In summary, the review illustrates the complementary roles of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan in managing hypertension, supported by a variety of established analytical methods. Despite the progress made in the individual assessment of these drugs, a significant gap remains regarding combined methodologies. This article serves as a resource for researchers aiming to develop future analytical techniques tailored to this novel combination. By emphasizing the pharmacological characteristics and analytical approaches of both drugs, the review aims to advance the understanding and efficacy of using Azelnidipine and Telmisartan together in clinical settings.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are Azelnidipine and Telmisartan used for?
Azelnidipine and Telmisartan are used to treat hypertension, a condition causing high blood pressure. Their combination aims to improve blood pressure control in patients with Stage II hypertension.
What are the chemical properties of Azelnidipine?
Azelnidipine is a light yellow crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C33H34N4O6. It is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like acetone and acetic acid.
How does Telmisartan work in treating hypertension?
Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that prevents angiotensin II from causing vascular constriction. This results in lowered systemic vascular resistance and helps manage high blood pressure.
What analytical methods are reviewed for Azelnidipine and Telmisartan?
The review discusses various analytical methods including UV spectrophotometry, RP-HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-MS for assessing both Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, emphasizing their individual and combined analysis.
What gap is identified in the research for these drugs?
The review notes that no single analytical method has been reported specifically for the combination of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, highlighting a potential area for further research.
What is the significance of developing analytical methods for these drugs?
Developing analytical methods for Azelnidipine and Telmisartan is crucial in ensuring quality control, safety, and efficacy, which are essential for their therapeutic use in hypertension management.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review of analytical methods for azelnidipine and telmisartan.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Waters may refer to specifics about solvent use in analytical techniques. In pharmaceutical analysis, understanding water's role as a solvent in different formulations is essential for developing comprehensive methodologies that affect solubility and extraction, impacting drug analysis outcomes.
2) Patel:
Patel refers to the authors of the research article under review, specifically Kreya H. Patel and Rajvi J. Mahida. Their contributions in the field of pharmaceutical quality and drug analysis are notable, providing valuable insights into analytical methods that influence the safety and efficacy of medications.
3) Drug:
Drugs encompass a broad category of substances that alter physiological functions. The review presents various drugs, primarily focusing on Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, elucidating their roles, benefits, and the necessity of accurate analytical methods for their assessment in pharmaceutical settings.
4) Channel:
Referring to the ion channels crucial for cellular function, especially in muscle contraction and relaxation. In pharmacology, channel blockers such as Azelnidipine affect the flow of ions across cell membranes, which correlates directly to their therapeutic effects on hypertension and cardiovascular health.
5) Blood:
Blood transport nutrients and hormones through the circulatory system and is vital for the functioning of the body. The article discusses drugs that affect blood pressure and cardiovascular health, relating their impact on hypertension and emphasizing the importance of maintaining healthy blood flow and pressure.
6) Table:
In scientific research, tables are used to present data clearly and concisely. The article includes various tables summarizing different analytical methods and their specifications for drugs like Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, thus facilitating comparison and understanding of existing research methods in pharmaceutical analysis.
7) Substance:
A substance in pharmaceuticals refers to any chemical compound or mixture with a defined composition. The article discusses the importance of analyzing substances like Azelnidipine and Telmisartan through different methods to ensure their purity and efficacy for safe consumption in patients with hypertension.
8) Activity:
Activity pertains to the biological or pharmacological effects induced by a drug. The article evaluates the activity of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan in treating hypertension, highlighting the need for reliable methods to ascertain their efficacy in managing high blood pressure.
9) Gujarat:
Gujarat is an Indian state where the authors of the study are based. It signifies the geographical context of their research, providing insights into local pharmaceutical training and educational institutions, illustrating the regional contributions to advancements in pharmaceutical sciences and drug analysis.
10) Quality:
Quality in pharmaceuticals refers to the integrity, efficacy, and safety standards of drugs. The concept is integral to the analytical methods reviewed in the article, emphasizing the need for rigorous testing protocols to ensure that medications like Azelnidipine and Telmisartan meet necessary regulatory standards.
11) Powder:
Powder refers to the physical state of many pharmacological substances, including some forms of drugs. The article touches upon the characteristics of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, often presented in a powdered form, which influences their solubility, absorption, and overall bioavailability in drug formulations.
12) Indian:
Indian signifies the context of pharmaceutical practices and standards relevant to the country's regulatory framework. The article references Indian pharmacopoeial standards and methods, indicating the focus on drug quality assurance techniques developed within India’s rich pharmaceutical research environment.
13) India:
India plays a significant role in global pharmaceutical research and development. The article addresses analytical methods and practices developed within the country's educational institutes, showcasing India's advancements in drug research and its increasing influence on worldwide pharmaceutical standards.
14) Wall:
A wall can denote the physical barrier in blood vessels that drugs like Azelnidipine target for therapeutic effects. Understanding the cellular and structural aspects of these vascular walls aids in grasping how pharmaceutical agents mediate blood pressure regulation.
15) Vapi:
Vapi is a city in Gujarat, India, home to the authors' institution. It represents a specific geographical location significant for pharmaceutical education and research, reflecting local industry standards and the focus on quality assurance in medicines produced or studied in that region.
16) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is an honorific used in India, showing respect. In the article, it acknowledges the institution, ROFEL Shri G. M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy, indicating the cultural context and emphasis on acknowledging the contributions and reputation of the educational body behind the research.
17) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the branch of medicine that focuses on drugs and their effects on biological systems. The article emphasizes the pharmacological properties of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, providing insights into their mechanism of action and therapeutic significance in hypertension management.
18) Performance:
Performance in this context evaluates how well drug formulations like Azelnidipine and Telmisartan execute their intended effects in clinical settings. The discussion centers on analytical methods that assess drug performance, consistency, and reliability to ensure effective patient treatment outcomes.
19) Knowledge:
Knowledge in pharmaceutical sciences involves understanding drug properties, mechanisms, and analytical techniques. The article contributes to the broader knowledge base necessary for future researchers and practitioners, promoting informed practices in drug analysis and development.
20) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm humans. The review underscores the importance of measuring toxicity levels of drugs like Azelnidipine and Telmisartan through precise analytical methods to ensure safe therapeutic use, particularly in managing chronic conditions.
21) Disease:
Disease signifies medical conditions that drugs aim to prevent, alleviate, or cure. The article emphasizes hypertension as a significant health issue and discusses the role of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan as therapeutic agents aimed at managing this prevalent disorder.
22) Purity:
Purity measures the level of contamination or adulteration in pharmaceutical substances. The review addresses the significance of methods for ensuring the purity of drugs like Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, reinforcing the necessity of stringent quality control in pharmaceutical manufacturing and testing.
23) Fire:
In this context, 'fire' may symbolize the urgency and vitality of pharmaceutical innovation and drug development. It captures the need for robust analytical methods that reignite potential therapeutic applications and highlight the ongoing quest to improve health outcomes.
24) Gold (Golden):
Gold symbolizes the high standards of excellence in pharmaceutical research and analytical practices. It represents the ideal level of quality and precision sought in analytical method development, with significant implications for the efficacy and reliability of drug formulations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Review of analytical methods for azelnidipine and telmisartan.�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Blood-pressure, High blood pressure, Quality assurance, HPTLC, Cardiovascular morbidity, Cardiovascular mortality, HPLC, Pharmaceutical dosage form, LC-MS.