Formulation and evaluation of pain relief ointment
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation and evaluation of pain relief ointment
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Deshmane Amruta Ghanshyam and Solunke Shivaji Hanumant
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Formulation and evaluation of pain relief ointment
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20214-20170
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The formulation and evaluation of a pain relief ointment has garnered attention due to the advantages of topical drug delivery, such as non-invasive application, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and enhanced patient compliance. In this study, a herbal ointment was developed using Neem, Turmeric, Ginger, and Black Piper, with a focus on understanding how various factors affect the efficacy and usability of the ointment. The formulation process included careful consideration of the drug concentrations and the physicochemical properties of the ingredients used.
Role of Herbal Ingredients
The study emphasizes the utilization of several plant extracts鈥攑articularly Neem (Azadirachta indica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Black Piper (Piper nigrum)鈥攆or their significant therapeutic properties. Each herb contributes unique benefits: Turmeric is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, Black Piper exhibits anti-arthritic properties, Ginger helps in reducing pain and disability, and Neem acts as an antimicrobial agent. These ingredients were incorporated into the ointment formulation by employing a fusion technique to combine their benefits effectively.
Physicochemical Evaluation
An essential part of the research involved evaluating the physicochemical parameters of the prepared ointment. The formulation underwent multiple assessments, including checks on pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability across various temperatures. Results indicated that the ointment achieved favorable characteristics, with a pH of 6.6鈥攊ndicative of skin compatibility鈥攁nd a viscosity of 21,020 centipoise. These properties are crucial for ensuring the product's effectiveness and safety for topical application.
Irritancy and Stability Testing
The ointment was subjected to irritancy tests, where no adverse effects such as erythema or edema were observed after application on the skin, demonstrating its non-irritant nature. Additionally, stability studies revealed that the formulation remained stable under different temperature conditions (2 掳C, 25 掳C, and 37 掳C) over four weeks, which is vital for ensuring product longevity and effectiveness. The absence of phase separation further confirmed the formulation's stability and suitability for long-term use.
Conclusion
This research underscores the potential of a herbal ointment formulated from locally available plants, showcasing its efficacy and safety for pain relief. The successful integration of therapeutic herbal components into an ointment base and the supportive physicochemical evaluations suggest that the formulation can provide a reliable alternative for topical pain management. Such developments highlight the importance of exploring natural ingredients in pharmaceutical applications, paving the way for future studies to expand on herbal formulations and their therapeutic benefits.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the objective of the ointment formulation study?
The objective was to formulate and evaluate an ointment using herbal ingredients like Neem, Turmeric, Ginger, and Black Piper, aiming to create a topical pain relief formulation with effective and stable properties.
Which herbal ingredients were used in the ointment formulation?
The ointment was formulated using Neem, Turmeric, Ginger, and Black Piper, each contributing specific healing or analgesic properties to enhance its effectiveness.
What methods were used to evaluate the ointment formulation?
The evaluation included physical tests such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, washability, and irritancy testing, ensuring the formulation meets quality and safety standards for topical use.
How stable was the formulated ointment under different temperature conditions?
The ointment was found to be physically stable in various temperature conditions, including 2掳C, 25掳C, and 37掳C, over a four-week stability study.
What were the findings regarding the ointment's irritancy?
The ointment showed no irritant effects, erythema, or edema upon application in a human irritancy test, indicating it is safe for topical use.
What was the conclusion of the study regarding the formulated ointment?
The study concluded that the herbal ointment demonstrated effective spreading, no irritancy, and good stability, making it suitable for pain relief applications.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淔ormulation and evaluation of pain relief ointment鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water serves as a universal solvent in the extraction of herbal ingredients, allowing the active compounds from plants like Neem, Turmeric, and Ginger to dissolve and be utilized in ointment formulations. Properly managed moisture content also supports the stability and effectiveness of topical applications.
2) Table:
The table presents organized data related to the formulation process, including the roles of different ingredients, evaluation parameters, and results. It allows for a quick visual reference of key information necessary for understanding the formulation's characteristics and supporting the study's findings.
3) Neem:
Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a potent herbal ingredient utilized in ointments for its antimicrobial properties. It plays a significant role in treating skin conditions and inflammation, thereby contributing to the effectiveness of the pain relief ointment developed in the study.
4) Turmeric:
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is valued for its anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce pain and swelling. Its inclusion in the ointment formulation aims to enhance the therapeutic effect against conditions like osteoarthritis, demonstrating the potential of herbal remedies in pain management.
5) Observation:
Observation is critical in evaluating the physical and chemical properties of the ointment. Careful monitoring of parameters such as irritation, pH, viscosity, and consistency ensures that the formulation meets safety and efficacy standards, ultimately impacting patient compliance.
6) Pain:
Pain is a primary focus of the study, as the ointment aims to provide relief for conditions like osteoarthritis. Understanding pain mechanisms is essential for optimizing formulations that effectively alleviate discomfort, thus improving the quality of life for patients.
7) Drug:
In this context, the term 'drug' refers to the active compounds derived from herbal ingredients used in the ointment. The formulations must be assessed for drug content, efficacy, and safety to provide therapeutic benefits in pain relief applications.
8) Study (Studying):
The study is an exploration of the formulation and evaluation of a pain relief ointment, analyzing the roles of specific herbal ingredients. It investigates their combined effects and the parameters relevant to the development of effective topical analgesics.
9) Powder:
Powdered herbal ingredients like Neem, Turmeric, and Ginger are integral to the formulation process. The grinding of plant materials into powder ensures a uniform distribution in the ointment and enhances the extraction of beneficial compounds for optimal therapeutic use.
10) Surface:
The term 'surface' relates to the area of application for the ointment on the skin. The efficacy of the formulation is influenced by how well it interacts with the skin surface for drug absorption and therapeutic action.
11) Hand:
In the context of this study, the hand refers to the test area for irritancy evaluation. Applying the ointment to the hand allows for assessment of potential adverse reactions while ensuring the formulation is safe for topical use on human skin.
12) Container:
A container is essential for the storage of ointment formulations. It must be airtight and maintain appropriate environmental conditions to preserve the stability and efficacy of the active ingredients, preventing degradation or contamination.
13) Edema (Oedema):
Edema, or swelling, is a common symptom associated with inflammation in conditions like osteoarthritis. The study addresses how the herbal ointment formulation aims to alleviate edema, showcasing the potential benefits of natural ingredients in managing such symptoms.
14) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the state in India where the study was conducted. The local availability of various herbal plants influences the formulation of the ointment and highlights the potential for regional traditional medicine practices integrated into modern therapeutic applications.
15) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study interprets the results and assesses the implications of findings. It contextualizes the outcomes in relation to existing literature, providing insights into the effectiveness of the herbal ointment and potential future research avenues.
16) India:
India's rich biodiversity encompasses a wide range of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine. The country's cultural heritage and extensive knowledge of herbal remedies form the backdrop for the formulation and study of the pain relief ointment.
17) Glass:
Glass is referenced in the context of laboratory equipment, used for mixing and testing the ointment. Glass containers ensure that chemical reactions can be observed without interference, aiding in accurate measurements and evaluations during the formulation process.
18) Field:
The field refers to the broader area of research and application in pharmaceuticals and herbal medicine. It signifies the practical and clinical contexts in which the formulated ointment could be applied, as well as its implications for public health.
19) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, commonly known as Ginger, is included in the ointment for its properties that reduce pain and disability. Its traditional use and effectiveness enhance the overall therapeutic profile of the herbal formulation, addressing musculoskeletal issues.
20) Azadirachta indica:
Azadirachta indica, or Neem, is recognized for its various medicinal properties, particularly in skin care. The inclusion of neem extract targets microbial infections and promotes healing, lending credibility to the ointment's efficacy in treating inflammatory conditions.
21) Curcuma longa:
Curcuma longa, known as Turmeric, is a key ingredient for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. Its incorporation into the ointment formulation is intended to synergize with other herbal components to improve efficacy against pain and swelling.
22) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Referring to the property of inhibiting bacterial growth, the anti-bacterial action of ingredients like Neem adds therapeutic value to the ointment. This aspect is crucial for treating skin infections that might accompany inflammatory conditions in osteoarthritis sufferers.
23) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a central condition targeted by the ointment. The formulation aims to reduce inflammatory responses linked to pain in osteoarthritis, emphasizing the role of herbal remedies in managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
24) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the tissues and areas affected by inflammation in osteoarthritis. Effective treatment must consider the broader impact of the ointment beyond just the joint, addressing pain and swelling in adjacent tissues as well.
25) Measurement:
Measurement is vital for ensuring the accuracy of formulations, including testing for pH, viscosity, and drug content. Accurate measurements validate the quality and predict the effectiveness of the ointment, ensuring it meets established safety and therapeutic standards.
26) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
In the context of osteoarthritis, damage can accumulate over time, leading to worsening pain and disability. The study aims to address these cumulative effects through the development of an ointment that relieves symptoms and supports joint health.
27) Fragrance:
Fragrance, often derived from herbal extracts like Eucalyptus oil, enhances the user experience of the ointment. An appealing fragrance can improve compliance and satisfaction with the treatment, while also impeding the perception of unpleasant medicinal scents.
28) Stiffness:
Stiffness is a common symptom of joint conditions like osteoarthritis. The formulation of the ointment is designed to alleviate stiffness, improving mobility for patients and addressing one of the significant challenges linked to joint health.
29) Hanumant:
Hanumant Solunke is a co-author whose contributions likely include research oversight or formulation chemistry expertise. His role, along with the other authors, is critical in the successful development and evaluation of the pain relief ointment.
30) Swelling:
Swelling in joints is a key symptom of arthritis. This study focuses on formulating an ointment that effectively reduces swelling, thereby providing symptomatic relief and enhancing functional mobility for affected individuals.
31) Activity:
Activity refers to the pharmacological effects exhibited by the constituents of the formulated ointment. The active compounds in herbal ingredients contribute to the ointment's effectiveness in managing pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis.
32) Science (Scientific):
Science refers broadly to the application of systematic study methods to investigate the properties and efficacy of the ointment formulation. It underscores the importance of evidence-based research in the development of effective pharmaceutical products.
33) Heating:
Heating is part of the preparation method for the ointment, as it ensures proper melting and blending of the base and herbal constituents. Controlled heating maximizes the extraction of active substances and ensures uniformity in the ointment consistency.
34) Disease:
Disease refers to the medical conditions targeted by the ointment, primarily osteoarthritis. Understanding the disease implications helps in formulating effective treatments that address not only symptoms but also promote overall joint health.
35) Filling (Filled):
Filled refers to the process of packaging the ointment into collapsible tubes or containers. Proper filling techniques are essential to ensure product integrity, ease of use, and longevity of the formulation for patients.
36) Panda (Pamda):
Panda typically refers to one of the authors contributing to the study. His input may involve statistical analysis, interpretation of results, or formulation development, contributing to the overall quality and credibility of the research.
37) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi is another co-author whose expertise likely plays a role in the research. Collaborations among the authors are pivotal in conducting comprehensive evaluations, enhancing the quality and outcomes of the study.
38) Patil:
Patil is presumably among the authors or contributors to the research. His involvement may include experimental design or formulation strategies essential for developing the herbal ointment and analyzing its efficacy.
39) Fainting (Fainted):
Faint describes the color of the ointment, indicating that it has a subtle hue. The aesthetic quality of the product can influence patient acceptance and perceived effectiveness.
40) Lona:
Lona likely refers to Curcuma longa (Turmeric). This important herbal component provides anti-inflammatory benefits, influencing the overall effectiveness of the ointment in treating conditions associated with pain and inflammation.
41) Dina:
Dina may reference one of the study鈥檚 authors or contributors. Each author's role is significant in collectively enhancing the quality of research, ensuring the proper formulation, and evaluation of the herbal ointment.
42) Babu:
Babu may refer to a cited author whose work contributes to the understanding of herbal formulations. Repurposing research findings into practical applications forms a critical bridge between theoretical science and therapeutic practice.
43) Hull:
Hull may relate to research involving the chemical composition or physical properties of natural materials used in formulations. The understanding of these properties assists in optimizing herbal ointments' performance and safety.
44) Ter:
Ther indicates an abbreviated reference to therapeutic applications of the formulated ointment, emphasizing the clinical relevance of this research in developing effective treatments for inflammatory conditions.
45) Life:
Life reflects the broader impact of effective herbal treatment formulations on individuals suffering from conditions like osteoarthritis. By improving pain relief and reducing inflammation, such ointments contribute positively to patients' quality of life.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: 鈥�Formulation and evaluation of pain relief ointment鈥�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Herbal Ingredient, Anti-inflammatory, Stability study, Physicochemical properties, Physical evaluation, Organoleptic properties, First Pass Metabolism, Concentration of drug.