Comparative study on levetiracetam vs. other antiepileptics' effects.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A comparative study on efficacy of levetiracetam with other antiepileptic drugs by assessing behavioural and cognitive changes using dsm-v and mmse scales
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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K. Sravanthi, B.V.L. Sai Spoorthy, S. K. Nagul Shareef, S. Bhavya Sai, J. N. Suresh Kumar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: A comparative study on efficacy of levetiracetam with other antiepileptic drugs by assessing behavioural and cognitive changes using dsm-v and mmse scales
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202014-19106
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, leading to significant challenges for affected individuals, their families, and healthcare systems. In addition to managing seizures, there is growing recognition of the cognitive and behavioral changes that can accompany anti-epileptic drug (AED) treatment. This study compares the efficacy of Levetiracetam—a newer AED—with other established anti-epileptic medications by examining related cognitive and behavioral changes assessed through standardized scales.
Cognitive and Behavioral Changes Induced by Levetiracetam
The study found that cognitive and behavioral effects were notably prevalent among patients using Levetiracetam. Among 100 patients prescribed Levetiracetam, cognitive changes were observed in 14% and behavioral changes in 24%. Conversely, among patients using other AEDs, cognitive and behavioral changes were reported in 9% and 14%, respectively. This suggests a higher incidence of cognitive and behavioral alterations among those treated with Levetiracetam compared to their counterparts on alternative medications, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and intervention.
Patient Demographics and Seizure Type
The research involved a diverse population of both healthy volunteers and epilepsy patients. A significant majority of epileptic patients were found in the younger age group, with 49.5% aged 18-27 years, predominantly male (66.5%). The types of seizures varied, with generalized tonic-clonic seizures being the most common, accounting for 57% of cases. The demographic data sheds light on the populations most affected by epilepsy and offers insight into tailoring treatment and support services accordingly.
Impact of Adverse Effects on Treatment Efficacy
Adverse effects from AEDs can greatly influence treatment adherence and success. The study indicated that cognitive and behavioral changes are a significant factor in treatment failure, occurring frequently among patients prescribed AEDs over long periods. Levetiracetam was particularly associated with higher rates of cognitive and behavioral disturbances. These findings emphasize the necessity for healthcare providers to balance efficacy in seizure control with the potential for adverse cognitive and behavioral effects alongside providing comprehensive patient education.
Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of considering cognitive and behavioral side effects in the pharmacological management of epilepsy. While many patients benefit from initial AED therapy, the evidence suggests that Levetiracetam carries a higher risk for cognitive and behavioral changes compared to older AEDs. Clinicians must be aware of these side effects to optimize patient care, potentially adjusting treatment strategies and using cognitive enhancers or behavioral therapies to mitigate risks. Future research is warranted to explore individual AED profiles and their specific impacts on cognitive and behavioral health to further minimize treatment failures in epilepsy management.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the aim of the study on Levetiracetam?
The study aims to compare the efficacy of Levetiracetam with other antiepileptic drugs by assessing behavioral and cognitive changes in patients using specific evaluation scales.
What are the main cognitive and behavioral assessment tools used?
The study utilizes the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) scales to evaluate cognitive and behavioral changes.
What were the key findings regarding cognitive changes in patients?
Among patients on Levetiracetam, 14% experienced cognitive changes, compared to 9% in those on other antiepileptics, indicating higher cognitive impairment associated with Levetiracetam use.
How do behavioral changes differ between Levetiracetam and other drugs?
Behavioral changes were noted in 24% of patients on Levetiracetam, while 14% of patients on other antiepileptics exhibited similar effects, suggesting increased behavioral side effects from Levetiracetam.
What is the significance of the study's conclusion?
The study concludes that cognitive and behavioral side effects are more prevalent in patients prescribed Levetiracetam compared to other antiepileptic medications, guiding clinical decision-making.
What recommendations does the study provide for managing side effects?
The study suggests monitoring cognition and behavioral changes, titrating doses, and possibly incorporating cognitive enhancers or behavioral therapy to mitigate side effects from antiepileptic drugs.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Comparative study on levetiracetam vs. other antiepileptics' effects.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The word 'Study' refers to a systematic investigation into the efficacy of Levetiracetam compared to other antiepileptic drugs in affecting cognitive and behavioral changes in patients. It implies a structured approach to understanding medical outcomes through careful observation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered from a specific patient demographic.
2) Drug:
The plural term 'Drugs' signifies multiple pharmaceutical compounds used in the treatment of epilepsy. This includes a range of antiepileptic medications, each with unique profiles regarding efficacy and side effects. The comparison highlights the necessity for understanding how different medications can affect patients uniquely based on their side effect profiles.
3) Epilepsy:
The word 'Epilepsy' defines a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity. It is central to the study, underpinning the need for effective management strategies through antiepileptic drugs, as well as understanding the cognitive and behavioral impacts of these medications on individuals with the condition.
4) Table:
In this context, 'Table' refers to the organized presentation of data, results, and findings related to the study. Tables are essential tools for summarizing large amounts of information in a clear and concise manner, making it easier to compare different groups and understand the overall outcomes of the research.
5) Depression:
'Depression' is mentioned as a cognitive and behavioral change observed among patients using antiepileptic drugs. Its relevance highlights mental health considerations in epilepsy treatment, urging healthcare providers to be aware of and address mood changes alongside physical symptoms, thus ensuring a holistic approach to patient care.
6) Anger (Angry):
'Anger' signifies one of the behavioral side effects assessed in the study. The mention of anger reveals the complex emotional challenges faced by patients undergoing treatment with specific antiepileptic drugs, suggesting that effective management should include monitoring and addressing these behavioral issues to improve patient quality of life.
7) Anxiety:
'Anxiety' indicates another possible behavioral side effect in patients on antiepileptic medications. Recognizing anxiety as a potential outcome emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to consider the psychological well-being of patients, as it can have significant implications for treatment adherence and overall patient satisfaction.
8) Andhra (Amdhra):
'Andhra' refers to a specific geographical region in India where the study was conducted. Its mention grounds the research within a specific cultural and healthcare context, which is vital for understanding regional variations in health conditions, treatment responses, and the socio-economic factors influencing patient care in epilepsy.
9) India:
'India' is the country where the study was carried out, indicating the national healthcare system's involvement in the management of epilepsy. Highlighting India underscores the importance of region-specific data and treatment outcomes that inform public health strategies and pharmaceutical policies addressing neurological disorders.
10) Male:
'Male' represents a demographic factor in the study population, revealing that a significant portion of the participants were men. This gender-specific observation is crucial for analyzing the prevalence and impact of epilepsy in different genders, ensuring treatments are tailored to meet the distinct needs of diverse patient groups.
11) Life:
'Life' in this context pertains to the quality of life of patients with epilepsy, which can be significantly impacted by both the condition and the treatment. Understanding the implications of cognitive and behavioral changes on daily living emphasizes the importance of selecting medications that minimize negative effects.
12) Mental disorder:
'Mental disorder' specifically points to individual psychological conditions that may arise due to epilepsy or its treatment. The term highlights the significance of recognizing and addressing mental health issues as part of a complete therapeutic strategy for the well-being of patients with epilepsy.
13) Activity:
'Activity' refers to the brain's electrical and functional activities linked to seizure occurrences in epilepsy. The relevance of tracing abnormal brain activity underscores the need for effective antiepileptic drugs that regulate these activities, thereby aiding in seizure control and improving patients' quality of life.
14) Science (Scientific):
'Science' denotes the systematic study of the natural world, particularly applied here in the context of medical research. It frames the methodologies used in the evaluation of antiepileptic drugs and their impacts, ensuring that findings are based on empirical evidence and statistical analysis.
15) Quality:
'Quality' primarily refers to the quality of life for patients with epilepsy as affected by their treatment plans. Assessing cognitive and behavioral outcomes highlights the goal of ensuring that epilepsy management not only controls seizures but also enhances the overall well-being and functioning of individuals.
16) Miṇi (Mini):
'Mini' pertains to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a tool used to assess cognitive function. Its mention is pivotal for understanding how cognitive impairments associated with epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use are measured, contributing to knowledge on patient needs in the treatment context.
17) Post:
'Post' refers to the post-operative or post-treatment implications highlighted within the research. This term signifies the outcomes and changes observed after the initiation of antiepileptic drug therapy, focusing on the continued monitoring of patients following their treatment regimen.
18) Discussion:
'Discussion' indicates a section of the study where findings are analyzed and interpreted. It is crucial for synthesizing data-related outcomes and drawing conclusions that inform clinical practices in treating epilepsy, further guiding future research and potential therapeutic improvements.
19) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' represents the understanding gained from the study regarding the impacts of antiepileptic drugs. This knowledge is essential for healthcare providers to make informed decisions when prescribing medications, ensuring patients receive appropriate treatment aligned with their individual needs and conditions.
20) Education:
'Education' pertains to the process of informing patients and families about epilepsy, treatment options, and potential side effects. This component is essential in empowering patients, improving adherence to treatment regimens, and fostering a collaborative approach to managing their condition.
21) Pregnant:
'Pregnant' references specific considerations regarding epilepsy treatment in pregnant women. This mention underscores the need for tailored therapeutic approaches that prioritize maternal and fetal health while managing seizures effectively during pregnancy, demonstrating an understanding of the unique needs within this demographic.
22) Cutting:
'Cutting' may refer to cutting-edge research or advancements within the field of epilepsy treatment. This term signifies efforts to remain at the forefront of medical science, indicating a commitment to continuously improving patient care through innovative research and treatment methodologies.
23) Bhavya:
'Bhavya' is a co-author of the study, representing collaboration in research. Name mentions indicate the multi-disciplinary nature of such studies where contributions from various experts enrich the understanding of epilepsy, its treatments, and the overall objectives of improving patient outcomes.
24) Greece:
'Greece' is referenced in the context of the etymology of the term 'epilepsy.' This mention highlights the historical significance and origins of medical terminology, grounding the study in a broader cultural and historical context that informs current understanding of the condition.
25) Kumar:
'Kumar' is another co-author of the study, indicating teamwork and shared expertise in the research endeavor. This reflects the collaborative spirit of medical research where different professionals contribute their knowledge to achieve a comprehensive understanding of conditions like epilepsy.
26) Birth:
'Birth' highlights a stage in human development where certain conditions like epilepsy can emerge due to genetic or environmental factors. It is pertinent to the study as it sets a context for understanding the risk factors associated with the onset of epilepsy, particularly in specific populations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Comparative study on levetiracetam vs. other antiepileptics' effects.�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Cognitive changes, Adverse effect, Therapeutic outcome, Life style modification, Prospective case control study, Healthy control, Seizure control, Antiepileptic drug, Behavioral change.