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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淎nticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of Arum palaestinum extracts鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Line:
The term 'Line' refers to a particular series of cells used in the context of biological studies, such as cancer research. Here, it specifically pertains to the cancer cell lines like C2C12, Hela, and 3T3-L1, which are cultivated to evaluate the anticancer effects of plant extracts.

2) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The study explores the potential anticancer effects of Arum Palaestinum extracts against various cancer cell lines, highlighting its relevance in identifying natural alternatives to conventional cancer treatments, which often have significant side effects.

3) Species:
In biological terms, 'Species' refers to a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring. The study discusses various microbial species, including bacteria and yeast, to assess the antibacterial properties of Arum Palaestinum extract, thus emphasizing its importance in medicinal research.

4) Water:
Water is a universal solvent that plays a critical role in the extraction processes used in this research. Different methods of extraction (aqueous boiled and cold) emphasize the significance of water in solubilizing the plant's active compounds, essential for analyzing their biological activities.

5) Activity:
In the context of this study, 'Activity' refers to the biological effects of the Arum Palaestinum extracts, specifically their anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Evaluating these activities is crucial in medicinal research for developing effective treatment alternatives and understanding the mechanisms of action.

6) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. This study contributes to traditional and contemporary medicine by examining the potential therapeutic benefits of Arum Palaestinum, aligning with the growing interest in herbal remedies for serious health conditions such as cancer.

7) Hela (Hel谩):
Hela refers to a specific cancer cell line derived from cervical cancer cells. It is widely utilized in cancer research for drug testing and studying the effects of various compounds, making it a key element in evaluating the anticancer potential of Arum Palaestinum extracts in this study.

8) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to a structured arrangement of data in the study, such as cell counts and the percentages of inhibition in different cell lines. Tables are vital for presenting research results clearly, allowing for easy comparison and understanding of experimental outcomes.

9) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are medications that combat bacterial infections. Although this study investigates antibacterial properties, it ultimately finds that Arum Palaestinum extracts do not exhibit antibiotic activity. This led to a focus on their potential anticancer effects instead, diversifying the scope of their applications.

10) Disease:
A disease is a pathological condition of a bodily part, characterized by an identifiable group of signs or symptoms. This research explores plant extracts for treating diseases like cancer, emphasizing the importance of discovering natural remedies that do not have the adverse side effects associated with synthetic drugs.

11) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium evaluated in the study for its susceptibility to Arum Palaestinum extracts. Understanding its interaction with these extracts contributes to assessing the potential therapeutic applications of the plant in treating infections caused by this bacterium.

12) Family:
In biological taxonomy, 'Family' is a rank in the hierarchical classification of organisms. Arum Palaestinum belongs to the Araceae family, which includes various other plant species. This classification highlights the structural relationships among species and the potential shared properties across related plants.

13) Medium:
In cell culture, 'Medium' refers to the nutrient solution that supports the growth of the cells. The study utilizes RPMI 1640 medium enriched with serum and antibiotics to maintain the viability of cell lines, which is crucial for accurately assessing the effects of plant extracts.

14) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' indicates a systematic investigation aimed at discovering new knowledge. This particular study investigates the medicinal properties of Arum Palaestinum, contributing valuable insights into its potential therapeutic uses, especially regarding its anticancer effects against various cell lines.

15) Drug:
In pharmacology, a 'Drug' is any substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease. The study seeks alternative drugs from natural sources, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of Arum Palaestinum extracts in combating cancer, a prominent area of research in herbal medicine.

16) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. This study falls within the realm of biomedical science, specifically focusing on the nature of traditional herbal remedies and their therapeutic potentials.

17) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that may contribute to health benefits, including anticancer properties. The study analyzes the presence of these compounds in Arum Palaestinum to justify its traditional use in medicine and potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.

18) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment using powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells. This study positions the extracts of Arum Palaestinum as potential alternatives to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, which often have severe side effects and can lead to drug resistance.

19) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties and potential anticancer effects. The study suggests that extracts from Arum Palaestinum might contain flavonoids, which could be responsible for its observed biological activities, necessitating further exploration.

20) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals. The study briefly mentions toxicity related to herbal treatments, highlighting the importance of further investigations to elucidate the safety and risk of Arum Palaestinum extracts in medicinal applications.

21) Surface:
Surface in this context refers to the interface where biological activities occur, particularly when testing cell cultures or bacterial growth. The study assesses how extracts affect the surface of cell lines, influencing growth and viability, which is crucial for evaluating therapeutic potential.

22) Powder:
Powder typically refers to a finely ground material, in this case, the dried leaves of Arum Palaestinum, utilized for extracting phytochemicals. The method of powdering the leaves is essential for enhancing extraction efficiency and maximizing the yield of bioactive compounds in subsequent analyses.

23) Hani:
Hani Naseef is one of the corresponding authors and contributes to the research on Arum Palaestinum. His involvement indicates a collaborative effort among researchers to explore the potential applications of plant extracts in combating cancer and infectious diseases.

24) Salt (Salty):
Salt often pertains to mineral compounds that can be crucial in biological systems. In this study, minerals such as sodium and potassium in culture media play roles in maintaining cell health, highlighting the importance of electrolyte balance for cell growth and function.

25) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. The investigations detailed in this research fall under pharmacological study as they examine how Arum Palaestinum extracts impact cancer cell lines, offering insights into potential medical uses.

26) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. The research contributes to pharmacology by evaluating the biological effects of Arum Palaestinum, aiming to establish its efficacy and safety as an alternative treatment.

27) Controversy:
Controversy denotes a prolonged public dispute or debate. This research acknowledges existing controversies regarding the efficacy of Arum Palaestinum extracts based on previous studies, prompting further investigations to clarify its medicinal value in treating diseases, particularly cancer.

28) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated refers to the total amount gathered together over time. The study refers to the accumulated data from various experiments that examine the anticancer potential of Arum Palaestinum extracts, crucial for drawing reliable conclusions from the research findings.

29) Discussion:
Discussion involves interpreting and exploring the significance of research findings. In this article, the discussion section elaborates on the results obtained from testing Arum Palaestinum extracts, linking them to existing literature and contextualizing their relevance for future studies.

30) Substance:
Substance refers to a material with a definite chemical composition. In the study, various substances, specifically plant extracts, are analyzed for their biological effects on cancer cells and bacteria, emphasizing the importance of identifying active components for therapeutic applications.

31) Container:
A 'Container' in laboratory settings holds samples or extracts. The extracts from Arum Palaestinum were stored in well-sealed plastic containers, ensuring stability and preventing contamination, which is vital for maintaining the integrity of biological research.

32) Cleansing:
Cleansing refers to the act of removing impurities or unwanted elements. Traditional uses of plants may include cleansing properties, and while the study does not focus on this aspect, it relates to the overall perception of herbal remedies in promoting health and wellness.

33) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of something, which is critical in medicinal research. In the study, ensuring the quality of plant extracts through proper preparation and testing methods is necessary for reliable results that can lead to real-world therapeutic applications.

34) Mineral:
Minerals are inorganic substances essential for various biological functions. The study鈥檚 cell culture media contain minerals necessary for supporting the growth of cell lines, highlighting the significance of these components in maintaining viable physiological conditions for experimental analysis.

35) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning describes a sensation often associated with certain substances' taste. The Arum Palaestinum has a bitter and burning taste, indicating its chemical composition. Such sensory attributes may be relevant when considering the plant for medicinal or dietary uses.

36) Bitter:
Bitter describes a taste profile commonly associated with certain herbs and plants. Arum Palaestinum is noted for its bitter flavor, which may be indicative of the presence of active phytochemicals that contribute to its therapeutic properties, encouraging further research.

37) Reason:
Reason refers to the rationale behind conducting the study. The aim is to explore natural remedies for cancer treatment, offering alternative solutions in response to the limitations and adverse side effects of chemical therapies, hence justifying the investigation of Arum Palaestinum.

38) Egypt:
Egypt is mentioned in context to similar studies on Arum species. This reference highlights the cross-regional interest in plant-based remedies for cancer treatment and may offer comparative insights into the effectiveness and application of similar herbal treatments.

39) Glass:
Glass often pertains to laboratory equipment, such as containers and culture dishes. The study utilizes glass materials for precise measurements and containment of extracts, ensuring sterile conditions when examining the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the tested plant extracts.

40) Arrow:
Arrow refers to the shape of the leaves of Arum Palaestinum. The description of its morphology emphasizes the physical characteristics of the plant, which may play a role in its identification and classification within botanical studies.

41) Death:
Death refers to the irreversible cessation of all biological functions. Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, making the quest for effective treatments, such as those derived from Arum Palaestinum, increasingly vital in reducing mortality rates associated with this disease.

42) Genu:
Genu typically refers to a genus in biological classification but appears limited in this context. It might relate to the classification of Arum Palaestinum, emphasizing its scientific significance and positioning within the broader family of related plant species.

43) Food:
Food in a broader context refers to any substance consumed to provide nutritional support. Arum Palaestinum鈥檚 traditional uses include considerations related to food toxicity; thus, its investigation can potentially contribute to understanding dietary impacts on health and cancer prevention.

44) Pain:
Pain commonly denotes an unpleasant sensory experience, often associated with diseases. The study aligns with the search for natural remedies aimed at alleviating not only the symptoms of cancer and its treatments but also discomfort arising from various types of ailments.

45) Pur:
Poor refers to insufficient quality or effectiveness. The study acknowledges challenges associated with existing treatments like chemotherapy, which may be poor in selectivity and can adversely affect healthy cells, thus motivating research into potentially safer, plant-based therapeutic alternatives.