Effects of HAART on organs of children born to HIV-infected mothers in Nigeria
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effects of haart on organs of children born to hivinfected mothers in southsouth nigeria
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Ajulo MO, Omole KO , Dixon-Umo OT , Oloyede I , Moody JO
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Effects of haart on organs of children born to hivinfected mothers in southsouth nigeria
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on liver and kidney function in children aged 0-5 years, born to HIV-infected mothers in South-South Nigeria. The study received ethical approval from the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital and Emmanuel General Hospital, Eket. Fifty children were enrolled, divided into four groups based on their HIV status and treatment regimen. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and creatinine to assess renal function.
Elevated Liver Enzymes
The results indicated that HAART significantly impacts liver function. In Group I, consisting of HIV-infected children on HAART, 50% had elevated ALT levels and 82.35% had elevated AST levels. In comparison, only 20% of children in Group II (who received nevirapine and cotrimoxazole) had elevated ALT levels, while 80% had elevated AST levels. No control children in Group IV had elevated ALT, though 60% showed elevated AST. This highlights the severe effect of HAART on liver enzymes, confirming previous research on the topic.
Abnormal Serum Creatinine
The study revealed that HAART also affects renal function. In Group I, 41.18% of boys and 17.65% of girls had elevated serum creatinine levels, indicating compromised kidney function. In Group II, 40% of both boys and girls had elevated creatinine levels. In the control group, only 40% of boys and none of the girls had abnormal serum creatinine levels. This suggests that HAART and prophylactic treatments significantly impact renal function compared to the control group.
Creatinine Clearance
The study found that children on HAART had improved creatinine clearance compared to the control group, despite having elevated serum creatinine levels. Group I had the highest mean creatinine clearance, followed by Group III (HIV-infected children not on HAART) and Group II. The control group had the lowest mean creatinine clearance, indicating that HAART might improve kidney function over time. However, none of the groups had mean creatinine clearance values within normal ranges, underscoring potential long-term nephrotoxic effects of HAART.
Conclusion
The study concludes that HAART significantly affects liver and renal function in children born to HIV-infected mothers. The findings emphasize the importance of drug therapeutic monitoring to manage these adverse effects effectively. It is recommended that policymakers include Drug Therapeutic Monitoring in the management protocols for HIV/AIDS in children to mitigate potential liver and kidney damage from continuous HAART use.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the study's main aim?
The study aims to detect the effect of HAART on the liver and kidney of children aged 0-5 years in South-south Nigeria.
What groups were the study participants divided into?
Participants were divided into four groups: HIV-infected children on HAART, exposed children on nevirapine and cotrimoxazole, HIV-positive children on cotrimoxazole, and control children not receiving any drugs.
What liver enzymes were analyzed in the study?
The study analyzed two liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
What was the method used for liver enzyme testing?
Blood samples were collected from participants, and the blood chemistry was analyzed using Randox kits for ALT and AST at specified incubation temperatures.
What was found regarding ALT in Group I participants?
Among Group I, 50% had normal ALT values, while the other 50% showed elevated ALT levels, indicating liver injury due to HAART.
What recommendation did the study make for HIV/AIDS management in children?
The study recommended that policy makers support the inclusion of Drug Therapeutic Monitoring in the management of HIV/AIDS among children to prevent severe effects on liver and renal functions.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effects of HAART on organs of children born to HIV-infected mothers in Nigeria�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Blood:
Blood is critical in the context of the study as it is the primary sample used for analysis. In the research, 2ml blood samples were collected from each child participant to measure liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and creatinine. These biomarkers provided crucial data on the liver and kidney functions of the children on HAART.
2) Drug:
Drug is a significant term in this study as it deals with the effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) drugs on children born to HIV-infected mothers. The study evaluates the implications of these drugs, such as nevirapine, zidovudine, and lamivudine, on liver and kidney function over time.
3) Discussion:
Discussion is a part of the study where the results are interpreted and analyzed. It provides insight into how HAART affects the liver and kidney functions of the children, comparing their metrics such as ALT, AST, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance with control groups and other children not on HAART.
4) Medicine:
Medicine is central to this research as it explores the administration of antiretroviral medication to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and its subsequent effects. This includes both HAART and prophylactic treatments like nevirapine and cotrimoxazole, examining their impacts on liver and kidney functionality in children.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Effects of HAART on organs of children born to HIV-infected mothers in Nigeria�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Statistical analysis, Long-term use, Significant effect, Body mass index (BMI), Serum Creatinine, Study participants, Liver function test, Confidence interval, Nephrotoxicity, Acute Kidney Injury, Ethical approval, Renal function test, Kidney function, Creatinine clearance, Hepatic steatosis, Normal range, HIV positive children, Paediatric clinic, Liver enzyme, Antiretroviral drug, Ethical standard.