A Clinical Study on Pipaladi Leh in Tamak Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) in Children
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: A Clinical Study on Pipaladi Leh in Tamak Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) in Children
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Mohar
MD Scholar, PG Department of Kaumarbhritya, Rishikul Campus, Uttrakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India.
Keerti Verma
Professor & Head of Department, PG Department of Kaumarbhritya, Rishikul Campus, Uttrakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India.
Anup Kumar Gakkhar
Professor & Head of Department, PG Department of Maulik Siddhant Evam Sanskrita, Rishikul Campus, Uttrakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: A Clinical Study on Pipaladi Leh in Tamak Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) in Children
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10iSuppl4.1334
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Tamak Shwasa, known as bronchial asthma in modern medicine, is characterized by symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing, posing significant health challenges globally. The condition encompasses various types of asthma, with Tamak Shwasa being one of its classifications in Ayurveda. Influenced by environmental factors, dietary habits, and familial tendencies, bronchial asthma affects a considerable portion of the population, particularly children in India. This clinical study investigates the effects of Pipaladi Leh, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, on children diagnosed with Tamak Shwasa, aiming to explore its therapeutic potential through a structured approach.
Efficacy of Pipaladi Leh
The study demonstrated that Pipaladi Leh has substantial therapeutic effects on patients with Tamak Shwasa. The results revealed that 80.48% of patients experienced moderate improvement, while only 9.76% achieved marked improvement, indicating a positive response to the treatment. Various subjective parameters, such as Shwasa Krichhata (breathing difficulty), Kasa (cough), and Ghur-Ghurak Kam (wheezing), showed statistically significant reductions post-treatment, suggesting that Pipaladi Leh effectively alleviates the symptoms associated with bronchial asthma. The formulation is believed to work by acting on the respiratory system's health and promoting overall well-being.
Role of Agni and Doshas
The study highlighted the critical role of Agni (digestive fire) and Doshas (body energies) in the manifestation and management of Tamak Shwasa. Imbalances in Doshas due to dietary indiscretions and environmental stressors exacerbated the condition in most patients. This reinforces the Ayurvedic principle that proper diet and lifestyle management are crucial for preventing and treating asthma. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding heavy or dry foods, and recognizing the significance of familial predisposition and external triggers as part of the disease's etiology.
Conclusion
Pipaladi Leh emerges as a promising Ayurvedic intervention for managing Tamak Shwasa in children, demonstrating significant clinical improvements in respiratory symptoms. The study suggests that addressing underlying factors, including Dosha imbalances and dietary practices, can enhance treatment effectiveness. Future research is recommended to explore the formulation's efficacy on a larger scale, investigate its antimicrobial properties, and evaluate its effects on immunoglobulin levels. Continued exploration of Ayurvedic treatments for asthma can contribute to more integrated management strategies for this prevalent condition.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Tamak Shwasa and its relation to bronchial asthma?
Tamak Shwasa refers to diseases characterized by shortness of breath, closely associated with bronchial asthma. In Ayurveda, it describes a condition where the movement of air in the vital airway is obstructed, causing considerable respiratory distress.
How effective is Pipaladi Leh in treating Tamak Shwasa?
In a study of 50 patients, Pipaladi Leh demonstrated significant efficacy. Out of these, 80.48% experienced moderate improvement, while 9.76% showed marked improvement, indicating its potential effectiveness in managing Tamak Shwasa symptoms.
What were the main symptoms observed in patients with Tamak Shwasa?
Patients predominantly exhibited symptoms such as Shwasa krichhrata (difficulty in breathing), Kasa (cough), and Ghurghurukam (wheezing), with 100% occurrence. Other symptoms included Pinasa (nasal congestion) and disturbed sleep, affecting overall quality of life.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A Clinical Study on Pipaladi Leh in Tamak Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) in Children�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
In the context of the study, disease refers to Tamaka Shwasa, which is associated with bronchial asthma. Tamaka Shwasa is described as a chronic condition within the Pranavaha Srotas causing respiratory issues like shortness of breath and wheezing.
2) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three fundamental doshas in Ayurveda that represents water and earth elements. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of Tamaka Shwasa, contributing to issues like mucus overproduction.
3) Drug:
The drug referred here is Pipalaadi Leh, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation used to treat Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma). It consists of ingredients like Pippali, Rasna, and Haridra, which possess properties beneficial for respiratory disorders.
4) Bronchial asthma:
Bronchial asthma is identified as Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda. It is defined as an inflammatory disease of the airways leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
5) Medicine:
Medicine in the context of the study refers to traditional Ayurvedic formulations such as Pipalaadi Leh, which was researched for its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma).
6) Pinasa:
Pinasa relates to chronic rhinitis or a nasal condition often associated with Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma), resulting in persistent nasal blockage and mucus formation.
7) Tamaka:
Tamaka refers to Tamaka Shwasa, an Ayurvedic term for bronchial asthma, characterized by reverse Vata movement and respiratory distress.
8) Virya:
Virya in Ayurveda refers to the potency or active energy of a substance, which in the case of Pipalaadi Leh includes Ushana Virya (heating energy) present in ingredients like Pippali and Haridra.
9) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing air and ether elements, and its imbalance is considered a primary cause of Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma).
10) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa refers to coughing, a significant symptom observed in patients with Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma) that Pipalaadi Leh aims to alleviate.
11) Samaka (Shamaka):
Shamaka means pacifying or alleviating. In this study, ingredients like Pippali and Manjistha have Kapha-Vata Shamaka (pacifying) properties, reducing symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa.
12) Ushana (Usana):
Ushana refers to heating properties. Several components of Pipalaadi Leh, such as Maricha and Haridra, possess Ushana Virya, helping to counteract respiratory symptoms by clearing blockages and enhancing Agni (digestive fire).
13) Agni:
Agni in Ayurveda signifies digestive fire, crucial for metabolizing food and preventing disease. Ingredients in Pipalaadi Leh, like Pippali and Maricha, enhance Agni, aiding in the management of Tamaka Shwasa.
14) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali or long pepper is a primary ingredient in Pipalaadi Leh with Kapha-Vata Shamaka properties, enhancing digestion and acting as a bronchodilator in Tamaka Shwasa treatment.
15) Anidra:
Anidra refers to disturbed sleep, a common problem in Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma) patients, which can be assessed as part of the treatment's efficacy.
16) India:
The relevance of India is traced to both the Ayurvedic context of the study and the high prevalence of asthma, with about 15 million asthma patients, including children, reflecting the need for local traditional treatments.
17) Parshvashula (Parsvasula, Parshva-shula):
Parshvashula denotes flank pain, often experienced during asthma attacks in Tamaka Shwasa, which is alleviated with Pipalaadi Leh as observed in the study.
18) Nishthivana (Nisthivana):
Nishthivana involves spitting of Kapha (mucus), commonly seen in Tamaka Shwasa, and is one of the symptoms addressed in the clinical assessment.
19) Haridra:
Haridra, also known as turmeric, is a crucial ingredient in Pipalaadi Leh with properties like anti-inflammatory and Kapha-Pitta Shamaka, beneficial in treating Tamaka Shwasa.
20) Pulse:
Pulse refers to vital signs monitored during the study to track patient progress, including pulse rate before, during, and after treatment.
21) Vega:
Vega refers to attack frequency, as in the recurrent episodes of shortness of breath observed in Tamaka Shwasa, which were measured throughout the study.
22) Food:
Food has significant relevance, with guidelines stressing that Tamaka Shwasa patients should avoid heavy, rich foods and opt for light, easily digestible ones to maintain Agni and relieve symptoms.
23) Kaphavata (Kapha-vata):
Kapha-Vata indicates the combined dosha elements involved in Tamaka Shwasa, where specific treatments aim to balance these to alleviate symptoms like mucous overproduction and respiratory issues.
24) Manjishtha (Manjistha, Mamjishtha):
Manjistha is one of the ingredients in Pipalaadi Leh, effective for its Kapha-Pitta Shamaka properties, helping in the treatment of symptoms associated with Tamaka Shwasa.
25) Draksha (Draksa):
Draksha, or grapes, is an ingredient in Pipalaadi Leh, known for its Sheet Virya (cooling effect) and other beneficial properties supporting respiratory health in Tamaka Shwasa.
26) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra Shwasa is a milder, less complicated form of respiratory distress caused by factors like overworking and overeating, contrasting the chronic severity of Tamaka Shwasa.
27) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas refers to body channels, such as Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory system), significant in Tamaka Shwasa, as blockages here lead to difficulties in breathing.
28) Rasna (Rashna, Rasona, Rasa-una):
Rasna is an ingredient in Pipalaadi Leh known for its Kapha-Vata Shamaka (alleviating) properties, aiding in the treatment of Tamaka Shwasa symptoms.
29) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, like Til Taila (sesame oil), is used in Pipalaadi Leh for its Kapha-Pitta Shamaka (alleviating) properties, helping to manage respiratory symptoms in Tamaka Shwasa.
30) Kumar:
Kumar is referenced in the study co-authored by Anup Kumar Gakkhar, who contributed to the research on Pipalaadi Leh and its efficacy in treating Tamaka Shwasa in children.
31) Guna:
Guna refers to the qualities or attributes in Ayurveda, such as Laghu (light), which are essential in the action of herbal formulations like Pipalaadi Leh used to treat Tamaka Shwasa.
32) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kapha-Pitta denotes dosha elements balanced by ingredients in Pipalaadi Leh, such as Manjistha, to alleviate symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma).
33) Knowledge:
Knowledge pertains to the Ayurvedic understanding of Tamaka Shwasa, requiring practitioners to have detailed insights into its treatment and differentiation from modern disease concepts.
34) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical system, forms the foundation of the study's approach to treating Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma) using traditional formulations like Pipalaadi Leh.
35) Pragvata (Prag-vata):
Pragvata is one of the aggravating factors that influence the onset of symptoms in Tamaka Shwasa, exemplifying the importance of identifying and managing triggers.
36) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts like the Kashyapa Samhita, from which Pipalaadi Leh, the formulation used in the study, is derived for treating Tamaka Shwasa.
37) Vyayama:
Vyayama, meaning exercise, is an aggravating factor for Tamaka Shwasa, causing increased symptoms like shortness of breath in patients during physical exertion.
38) Dipana:
Dipana refers to digestive stimulants, essential in treating Tamaka Shwasa by boosting Agni (digestive fire), thus helping reduce Ama (toxins) and improving respiratory function.
39) Varsha (Varsa):
Varsha Ritu, or the rainy season, is identified as an aggravating factor for Tamaka Shwasa symptoms, highlighting the seasonal impact on the disease.
40) Urdhva:
Urdhva Shwasa is another form of respiratory illness mentioned alongside Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda, characterized by difficulty in expelling breath.
41) Nidana:
Nidana denotes the causative factors of a disease. In Tamaka Shwasa, these include factors like exposure to allergens, improper diet, and lifestyle habits.
42) Chinna:
Chinna Shwasa is a severe, incurable type of respiratory distress described in Ayurveda, contrasting the more manageable Tamaka Shwasa.
43) Udaka:
Udaka corresponds to water; it is part of the body's elemental composition in Ayurveda, significantly influenced in diseases like Tamaka Shwasa through the concept of Kapha.
44) Pitta:
Pitta, one of the three doshas, combines fire and water elements and is counterbalanced in Tamaka Shwasa treatment using Kapha-Pitta Shamaka ingredients in Pipalaadi Leh.
45) Campu:
Campu seems to be a typographical error or context-specific term without sufficient information.
46) Blood:
Blood parameters, including Hb, TLC, and AEC, were assessed in the study to monitor the treatment's effects on Tamaka Shwasa patients.
47) Prana (Pran):
Prana is the life force or vital energy in Ayurveda, whose flow is obstructed in Tamaka Shwasa, leading to symptoms treated through formulations like Pipalaadi Leh.
48) Maha (Maha°):
Maha Shwasa is one of the five types of Shwasa described in Ayurveda, representing severe respiratory ailments, similar to Tamaka Shwasa in its chronicity.
49) Ritu (Rtu):
Ritu refers to the seasons, significant in the study as factors like Varsha Ritu (rainy season) were found to aggravate Tamaka Shwasa symptoms.
50) Guda:
Guda or jaggery is an ingredient in Pipalaadi Leh with its Ushana Virya (heating energy) and Shwasahara (respiratory aid) properties crucial for treating Tamaka Shwasa.
51) Kashyapasamhita (Kasyapasamhita, Kashyapa-samhita):
Kashyapa Samhita is the classical Ayurvedic text where the formulation of Pipalaadi Leh, used in the treatment of Tamaka Shwasa, is mentioned.
52) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drug actions. The Pipalaadi Leh components were evaluated for effects like anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties useful in Tamaka Shwasa.
53) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a core aspect of bronchial asthma (Tamaka Shwasa), and Ayurvedic treatments like Pipalaadi Leh include anti-inflammatory ingredients to address this.
54) Discussion:
Discussion provides insights and interpretation of results from the clinical study on Pipalaadi Leh, assessing its efficacy in reducing Tamaka Shwasa symptoms.
55) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis of a disease. Tamaka Shwasa's Samprapti involves disrupted Vata and Kapha, which treatments like Pipalaadi Leh aim to correct.
56) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha is the concept of the three primary doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in Ayurveda, whose imbalance can cause diseases like Tamaka Shwasa.
57) Kashyapa (Kasyapa, Kashya-pa, Kashyapanamdana):
Kashyapa is the author of the Kashyapa Samhita, a classical text where Pipalaadi Leh is mentioned as a treatment for Tamaka Shwasa.
58) Kasahara (Kasa-hara):
Kasahara refers to cough-relieving properties, significant in the context of Tamaka Shwasa treatment, where ingredients like Pippali and Maricha provide Kasahara effects.
59) Apathya:
Apathya refers to dietary and lifestyle choices that aggravate a condition. In Tamaka Shwasa, avoiding heavy, difficult-to-digest foods constitutes Apathya.
60) Shamyaka (Samyaka):
Samyaka indicates the proper balance or state, achieved in Vata through the use of Pipalaadi Leh to alleviate Tamaka Shwasa symptoms.
61) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana means pacifying or alleviating. Pipalaadi Leh is a Shamana treatment that pacifies Vata and Kapha doshas to treat Tamaka Shwasa.
62) Jaggery:
Jaggery, or Guda, is an ingredient in Pipalaadi Leh with Shwasahara (respiratory aid) properties that help manage symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa.
63) Shabda (Sabda):
Shabda refers to the sound; in Tamaka Shwasa, Ghur-Ghurk Shabda represents wheezing, commonly evaluated to assess the severity and treatment efficacy.
64) Sadhya:
Sadhya implies curable. In the context of Tamaka Shwasa, early-onset cases are more Sadhya (curable) compared to chronic ones.
65) Pathya:
Pathya involves dietary and lifestyle modifications that promote health. In Tamaka Shwasa, consuming light, digestible foods is Pathya.
66) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi signifies disease in Ayurveda; Tamaka Shwasa is a chronic Vyadhi affecting the respiratory system.
67) Family:
Family history indicates genetic predisposition, with Tamaka Shwasa being more prevalent in patients with a familial history of respiratory issues.
68) Nature:
Nature in this context may refer to the innate characteristics of Tamaka Shwasa as a chronic and life-threatening respiratory condition.
69) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, representing body energies. Vata and Kapha doshas are primarily implicated in Tamaka Shwasa.
70) Kriya:
Kriya refers to action or function. In the context of respiratory issues, Sharangdhar's concept of Shwasa Kriya is comparable to alveolar respiration in modern science.
71) Dadhi:
Dadhi, or curd, is considered an aggravating factor (Nidana) for Kapha and hence Tamaka Shwasa, and is advised to be avoided in the diet.
72) Laghu:
Laghu signifies lightness, a Guna (quality) described for ingredients like Haridra and pivotal in managing the symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa.
73) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush refers to traditional systems of healthcare including Ayurveda, with the study on Pipalaadi Leh falling under AYUSH research.
74) Veda:
Vedic knowledge forms the foundation for Ayurveda, with references to Shwasa and its classification found in Vedic literature and texts like the Kashyapa Samhita.
75) Anna:
Anna refers to food, and in the context of Tamaka Shwasa treatment, maintaining a diet that supports Agni and does not aggravate Kapha-Vata is crucial.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 83]
Other Science Concepts:
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