Anatomy of Janu Sandhi w.s.r. to Knee joint: An Ayurveda Overview
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Anatomy of Janu Sandhi w.s.r. to Knee joint: An Ayurveda Overview
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Saroj Mani Pokhrel
PG Scholar, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Lokendra Pahadiya
Assistant Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Narinder Singh
Associate Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
P.Hemantha Kumar
Professor and HOD, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Anatomy of Janu Sandhi w.s.r. to Knee joint: An Ayurveda Overview
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9i6.1110
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The understanding of anatomy within Ayurveda has faced challenges in contemporary times due to a lack of comprehensive literature. However, the Ayurvedic texts, particularly the Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, provide in-depth knowledge of the human body's anatomy, including the knee joint, referred to as Janu Sandhi. As chronic joint diseases become increasingly prevalent, a proper understanding of these Ayurvedic concepts is essential for effective treatment. This article aims to systematically compile the anatomical information related to the knee joint found in these classical texts and correlate them with modern anatomical science.
Structural Complexity of the Knee Joint
The Janu Sandhi, or knee joint, is recognized in Ayurveda as a complex anatomical structure composed of two knee joints. It is classified as a Kora Sandhi, akin to a synovial hinge joint in contemporary medical terminology. The knee enables flexion, extension, and various movements, with its length and circumference detailed in Ayurvedic literature. While Acharya Charaka describes the knee joint's length as four Angula, Acharya Sushruta states it as three Angula. Additionally, the circumference varies according to authors—ranging from 14 to 16 Angula. This intricate characterization showcases the depth of knowledge regarding the knee joint in both Ayurvedic and modern anatomy.
Musculature and Support Structures
The knee joint is supported by various structures, including muscles and ligaments. In Ayurveda, it is noted that there are five specific muscles attached to the Janu Sandhi, including the quadriceps femoris and popliteus, which are crucial for knee movements. Concurrently, modern anatomy identifies eleven supporting ligaments, highlighting a close correlation between Ayurvedic descriptions and contemporary findings. The presence of ten Snayus (ligaments) in Ayurveda aligns with the modern understanding of knee joint stability and mobility, underscoring the significance of both Ayurveda and modern medicine in elucidating joint mechanics.
Conclusion
The insights from Acharya Sushruta and Acharya Charaka regarding the knee joint reflect a remarkable understanding of human anatomy that remains relevant. Despite the unavailability of many Ayurvedic texts, the existing literature presents valuable anatomical concepts that warrant further exploration. Enhancing the integration of Ayurvedic knowledge with contemporary medical practices could lead to improved management of knee joint diseases, emphasizing the importance of incorporating ancient wisdom into present-day healthcare approaches. Authenticating the scientific basis of these ancient texts will contribute significantly to the understanding of human anatomy and its applications in modern medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the significance of Janu Sandhi in Ayurveda?
Janu Sandhi, or the knee joint, is a complex structure in Ayurveda. It's considered vital for movement and is linked to various diseases. Understanding its anatomy is essential for effective treatment of joint-related ailments.
How does Ayurveda define the anatomy of the knee joint?
Ayurveda describes the knee joint as a Kora type Sandhi, comprised of two knee joints. It involves various components, including muscles, ligaments, and anatomical entities detailed in texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita.
What are the differences between Ayurvedic and modern anatomical views?
Both Ayurvedic texts and modern science identify two knee joints. While Ayurveda describes structural components like Snayus and Peshi, modern anatomy elaborates with specifics such as ligaments and overall joint functions like hinge movements.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anatomy of Janu Sandhi w.s.r. to Knee joint: An Ayurveda Overview�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
In the context of Ayurveda, Sandhi refers to a joint. There are 210 joints in the human body as per Ayurvedic texts, and these structures are crucial for movement and stability. The description of each Sandhi, including the Janu Sandhi, is essential for understanding body mechanics and treating joint-related conditions.
2) Janu:
The term Janu specifically denotes the knee in Ayurvedic literature. Derived from the root word “Jan� with the suffix “Yujn,� it has been referenced in ancient texts like the Rigveda and Atharvaveda. The knee is a vital joint and is often discussed in the context of its anatomy and ailments.
3) Janusandhi (Janu-sandhi):
Janu-sandhi is the Ayurvedic term for the knee joint. It is considered a complex Sandhi (joint) and is pivotal for daily activities. The dimensions, ligaments, and muscles associated with the Janu-sandhi have been extensively detailed in texts like the Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita.
4) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient compilations or collections of Ayurvedic knowledge. Notable texts include the Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, which document comprehensive details about the human body, including Janu Sandhi, and guide the practice of Ayurvedic medicine and surgery.
5) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional Hindu system of medicine dating back thousands of years. It emphasizes a holistic approach to health, including the anatomical study of the human body, as outlined in texts like the Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, focusing on the balance of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.
6) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi refers to bones in Ayurveda. There are classifications of different bones such as Kapala Asthi and Taruna Asthi, contributing to the structure of joints like the Janu Sandhi. Understanding Asthi is crucial for diagnosing and managing bone-related ailments within the Ayurvedic framework.
7) Knowledge:
Knowledge in the context of Ayurveda is derived from ancient texts that provide deep insights into the anatomy and treatment of the human body. This includes the detailed description of joints like Janu Sandhi and their related structures such as Peshi and Snayu, guiding holistic treatment approaches.
8) Angula (Amgula):
Angula is a traditional unit of measurement in Ayurveda, often used to describe anatomical dimensions. For instance, the length of the Janu Sandhi (knee joint) is specified in Angula, with measurements varying according to different Ayurvedic scholars like Charaka and Sushruta.
9) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta-samhita is a foundational Ayurvedic text authored by Acharya Sushruta, considered the father of surgery. It provides detailed descriptions of anatomical structures, including Janu Sandhi, and emphasizes practical techniques like cadaver dissection for understanding human anatomy.
10) Human body:
[see source text or glossary: Human body]
11) Disease:
[see source text or glossary: Disease]
12) Snayu:
[see source text or glossary: Snayu]
13) Sthana:
[see source text or glossary: Sthana]
14) Marma:
[see source text or glossary: Marma]
15) Pesi (Peshi):
[see source text or glossary: Peshi]
16) Science (Scientific):
[see source text or glossary: Scientific]
17) Kapala:
[see source text or glossary: Kapala]
18) Vataja (Vata-ja):
[see source text or glossary: Vataja]
19) Mani:
[see source text or glossary: Mani]
20) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya-tantra]
21) Tarunasthi (Taruna-asthi):
[see source text or glossary: Taruna-asthi]
22) Atharvaveda (Atharva-Veda):
[see source text or glossary: Atharvaveda]
23) Mahabharata (Maha-bharata):
[see source text or glossary: Mahabharata]
24) Katisandhi (Kati-sandhi):
[see source text or glossary: Kati-sandhi]
25) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
26) Gridhrasi (Gridhrashi, Grdhrasi):
[see source text or glossary: Gridhrasi]
27) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
[see source text or glossary: Vatarakta]
28) Rajasthan:
[see source text or glossary: Rajasthan]
29) Kapalika:
[see source text or glossary: Kapalika]
30) Shlipada (Slipada):
[see source text or glossary: Shlipada]
31) Lokendra:
[see source text or glossary: Lokendra]
32) Khanjata (Khanja-ta):
[see source text or glossary: Khanjata]
33) Medicine:
[see source text or glossary: Medicine]
34) Dhamani:
[see source text or glossary: Dhamani]
35) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]
36) Nalaka:
[see source text or glossary: Nalaka]
37) Jangha (Jana-ogha, Jamgha):
[see source text or glossary: Jangha]
38) Shalya (Salya):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya]
39) Taruna:
[see source text or glossary: Taruna]
40) Valaya:
[see source text or glossary: Valaya]
41) Jaipur:
[see source text or glossary: Jaipur]
42) Ardita (Arddita):
[see source text or glossary: Ardita]
43) Jvara:
[see source text or glossary: Jvara]
44) Mamsa (Mamsha):
[see source text or glossary: Mamsa]
45) Vastu:
[see source text or glossary: Vastu]
46) India:
[see source text or glossary: India]
47) Kalli:
[see source text or glossary: Kalli]
48) Kumar:
[see source text or glossary: Kumar]
49) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
50) Veda:
[see source text or glossary: Vedic]
51) Sira (Shira):
[see source text or glossary: Sira]
52) Kati:
[see source text or glossary: Kati]
53) Pain:
[see source text or glossary: Pain]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Anatomy of Janu Sandhi w.s.r. to Knee joint: An Ayurveda Overview�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Sushruta-samhita, Vatarakta, Marma, Charakasamhita, Janusandhi, Outpatient department, Knee joint, Holistic management.