Panchakarma's Role in Urdhwajatru Gata-Roga Treatment
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Applied Aspect of Panchakarma and their Mechanism of Action in Urdhwajatru Gata-Roga (Disease of Eye, ENT, Orodental, Head and Scalp)
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Tarun Kumar Dwibedi
Assistant Professor, Dept. Shalakya Tantra, Rohilkhand Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Dohra Road, Bareilly, UP.
Shifali Sahu
Assistant Professor, Dept. Panchakarma, Rohilkhand Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Dohra Road, Bareilly, UP.
Nibedita Panda
Assistant Professor, Dept. Panchakarma, Rohilkhand Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Dohra Road, Bareilly, UP.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Applied Aspect of Panchakarma and their Mechanism of Action in Urdhwajatru Gata-Roga (Disease of Eye, ENT, Orodental, Head and Scalp)
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9i3.968
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Panchakarma, an essential aspect of Ayurveda, focuses on detoxification and the restoration of health by eliminating vitiated doshas (body energies) and toxins from the body. This therapeutic approach is particularly relevant within Shalakyatantra, a branch of Ayurveda that addresses diseases affecting the head and neck, including conditions related to the eyes, ears, nose, throat, and mouth. The article explores the application of Panchakarma therapies and their mechanisms of action in managing Urdhwajatrugata diseases, providing insights into the effectiveness of these traditional practices in promoting health and healing.
Importance of Panchakarma Therapy
Panchakarma consists of five primary therapeutic procedures: Vamana (emesis), Virechana (purgation), Basti (medicated enema), Nasya (nasal therapy), and Raktamokshana (bloodletting). These therapies are designed to detoxify the body, facilitate the balance of doshas, and restore physiological harmony. Each therapeutic method is tailored according to the patient's specific dosha predominance and the nature of the disease. For instance, Vamana is primarily employed to expel excess Kapha dosha, while Virechana is effective for Pitta disorders. The systematic application of these therapies, often initiated with preparatory treatments such as Snehana (oleation) and Swedana (sudation), enhances their efficacy and encourages quicker healing responses.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanisms underlying Panchakarma therapies involve a combination of physical and biochemical processes that aim to purify the body. For example, Vamana and Virechana work by mobilizing and expelling morbid doshas from the body through their respective routes, providing relief from accumulated toxins and reducing pathological symptoms. In abdominal therapies like Basti, the introduction of therapeutic substances directly into the rectum targets Vata imbalance, while Nasya focuses on eliminating dosha from the upper respiratory tract. Raktamokshana, particularly leech therapy or bloodletting, removes vitiated blood, thus promoting circulation and aiding in the healing of chronic ailments. Each procedure is carefully selected based on the dosha involved and the individual’s overall health condition.
Conclusion
Shalakyatantra practitioners emphasize the integration of Panchakarma procedures to effectively address disorders of the upper body, particularly those affecting sensory organs. By focusing on dosha balance and detoxification, these traditional therapies not only alleviate immediate symptoms but also pave the way for long-term health benefits. The holistic approach of Panchakarma illustrates the potential of Ayurvedic practices to enhance wellness and manage chronic conditions, underlining the need for greater acceptance and implementation of these time-tested methods within contemporary healthcare paradigms.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Panchakarma in the context of Ayurvedic treatment?
Panchakarma is an Ayurvedic therapy aimed at detoxifying the body by removing vitiated doshas, malas, or toxins. It includes procedures such as Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nashya, and Raktamokshana to restore health and balance.
How does Vamana therapy function in treating Ayurvedic diseases?
Vamana therapy involves expelling aggravated Kapha dosha through emesis, aimed at cleansing the upper body and balancing doshas. It helps to clear blocked channels of the body, especially beneficial for Urdhwajatrugata roga conditions.
What are the benefits of using Panchakarma in Shalakyatantra?
Panchakarma treatments effectively eliminate dosha imbalances affecting sense organs, promoting healing. After detoxification, additional treatments like Shamana and Brihmana can be more effective, ensuring satisfactory outcomes in managing Urdhwajatrugata disorders.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Panchakarma's Role in Urdhwajatru Gata-Roga Treatment�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Roga:
In Ayurveda, 'Roga' refers to a disease or disorder. The term 'Urdhwajatrugata roga' relates to ailments above the clavicle, affecting areas such as the eyes, ears, nose, and head. Panchakarma and other therapies are applied to manage various 'roga' to balance the 'Dosha' and promote health.
2) Nasya (Nashya):
'Nashya' is a Panchakarma therapy involving the administration of medications through the nasal cavity. It is integral in treating 'Urdhwajatrugata roga', as it removes 'Dosha' from the head and neck region and provides relief from diseases like 'Siro-roga' and 'Mukha-roga'.
3) Disease:
'Disease' is any abnormal condition affecting the body. In the context of 'Shalakya-tantra', diseases such as 'Netra-roga' (eye disease), 'Karna-roga' (ear disease), and 'Mukha-roga' (oral disease) are common. Panchakarma therapies treat these diseases by balancing 'Dosha'.
4) Shiras (Siras, Siro, Shirash):
'Siro' refers to the head. In Ayurveda, 'Siro-roga' or head diseases are treated with therapies like 'Nashya', 'Raktamokshana', and 'Mudugin Taila', addressing ailments such as 'Suryavarta' and 'Ardhavavedaka' by eliminating 'Dosha' from the 'Siro' region.
5) Karna:
'Karna' means ear in Sanskrit. 'Karna-roga' encompasses ear diseases like 'Badhirya' (hearing loss), 'Karna kandu' (itching in the ear), and 'Karnanada' (ear noise). Treatments include 'Snehana', 'Nashya', 'Raktamokshana', and other Panchakarma therapies.
6) Basti:
'Basti' is an Ayurvedic enema therapy in Panchakarma for detoxifying and nourishing the body. It's particularly effective in treating 'Vata' disorders and can address 'Siro-roga', 'Netra-roga', and chronic conditions by balancing 'Dosha' and strengthening the system.
7) Vamana:
'Vamana' is a therapeutic emesis procedure in Panchakarma. It primarily removes aggravated 'Kapha' and is used in conditions such as 'Kaphaja' diseases and chronic disorders. This treatment helps expel the morbid 'Dosha' through the mouth, clearing blocked channels.
8) Dosha (Dosa):
In Ayurveda, 'Dosha' are the three fundamental bodily humors: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Diseases manifest due to imbalances in these 'Dosha'. Panchakarma therapies like 'Vamana', 'Virechana', and 'Nashya' work by balancing the 'Dosha' to restore health.
9) Karma (Karman):
'Karma' in the context of Ayurveda refers to therapeutic procedures. 'Pradhana Karma' includes the main Panchakarma treatments like 'Vamana', 'Virechana', 'Basti', 'Nashya', and 'Raktamokshana', aimed at detoxifying and balancing the body's 'Dosha'.
10) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja denotes conditions or diseases associated with aggravated 'Kapha' dosha. Treatments like 'Vamana', 'Nashya', and 'Tikshna Nashya' are effective in managing 'Kaphaja' disorders, ensuring the removal of excess 'Kapha' to restore balance.
11) Kapha:
'Kapha' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing earth and water elements. Imbalance in 'Kapha' leads to diseases. Therapies like 'Vamana', 'Virechana', and 'Basti' are used to balance 'Kapha', aiding in conditions like mucus accumulation and congestion.
12) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
'Pittaja' refers to disorders arising from an imbalance of the 'Pitta' dosha, associated with heat and metabolic processes. Treatments like 'Virechana' and 'Raktamokshana' help manage 'Pittaja' conditions by cooling and purging excess 'Pitta'.
13) Mukha:
'Mukha' means mouth or oral cavity. In 'Shalakya-tantra', 'Mukha-roga' includes diseases of the mouth, such as 'Upakusha' (gum disorders) and 'Sheetada' (gingivitis). Treatments involve 'Virechana', 'Nashya', 'Gandusha', and other Panchakarma procedures.
14) Taila (Thaila):
'Taila' refers to medicinal oil used in various Panchakarma therapies. 'Siro-basti', 'Nashya', and 'Abhyanga' involve applying 'Taila' for lubrication, detoxification, and relaxation purposes. Oils like 'Anutaila' and 'Bala Taila' are commonly used.
15) Shiroroga (Siroroga, Shiras-roga):
'Siroroga' pertains to head diseases. Conditions like 'Suryavarta' (severe headache), 'Ardhavavedaka' (migraine), and 'Khalita' (hair loss) fall under this category. Treatments include 'Nashya', 'Raktamokshana', and 'Siro-virechana'.
16) Rakta:
'Rakta' means blood in Ayurveda. Disorders related to blood imbalance, such as 'Raktaja' diseases, are treated with 'Raktamokshana', which involves bloodletting techniques like 'Jalauka' (leech therapy) to remove vitiated blood and balance 'Dosha'.
17) Nasa (Nasha):
'Nasa' refers to the nose. 'Nasa-roga' includes nasal disorders like 'Pratishyaya' (sinusitis) and 'Nasanaha' (nasal congestion). 'Nashya', which involves administering drugs through the nasal passage, is a primary treatment for 'Nasa-roga'.
18) Raktamokshana (Raktamoksana, Rakta-mokshana):
'Raktamokshana' is a Panchakarma therapy involving bloodletting to remove vitiated blood. It's effective in treating 'Rakta', 'Pitta', 'Kapha', and 'Tridoshaja' disorders. Methods include 'Jalauka' (leech therapy) and 'Siraveda' for balancing blood-related ailments.
19) Vataja (Vata-ja):
'Vataja' pertains to diseases caused by an imbalance in the 'Vata' dosha, associated with air and space elements. Treatments like 'Basti', 'Snehana', and 'Nashya' help manage 'Vataja' conditions by promoting lubrication and balance.
20) Abhishyanda (Abhisyanda):
'Abhisyanda' involves excessive eye discharge and inflammation. It's a common 'Netra-roga' treated with Panchakarma therapies like 'Virechana', 'Basti', and 'Raktamokshana' to reduce the vitiated 'Dosha' and restore ocular health.
21) Pitta:
'Pitta' is one of the three 'Dosha', representing fire and water elements. It governs metabolism and heat regulation. Imbalance in 'Pitta' leads to various 'Pittaja' diseases. 'Virechana' and 'Raktamokshana' are primary therapies to balance 'Pitta'.
22) Netra:
'Netra' means eye. 'Netra-roga' is a category of eye diseases like 'Timira' and 'Abhisyanda'. Panchakarma therapies such as 'Netra Tarpana', 'Nashya', and 'Raktamokshana' are employed to treat and manage these disorders effectively.
23) Adhimantha:
'Adhimantha' refers to acute glaucoma or severe eye pain, commonly linked with 'Netra-roga'. Treatments include therapies like 'Virechana', 'Basti', and 'Raktamokshana' to relieve symptoms and balance the 'Dosha'.
24) Raktaja:
'Raktaja' denotes diseases arising from blood-related issues. 'Raktamokshana' or bloodletting, either through 'Jalauka' (leech therapy) or 'Siraveda', is the primary treatment to balance vitiated blood and restore health.
25) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
'Tantra' in Ayurveda refers to a specialized field or branch. 'Shalakya-tantra' is one such branch focusing on diseases above the clavicle, including eye, ear, nose, and head disorders, treated through Panchakarma and other therapies.
26) Danta (Damta):
'Danta' means tooth. 'Danta-roga' encompasses dental diseases like 'Danta Harsha' (tooth sensitivity) and 'Krimi Danta' (dental caries). Treatments include 'Gandusha', 'Kavala', and 'Raktamokshana' to maintain oral health.
27) Kapala:
'Kapala' refers to the skull. 'Siro-Kapalagata Roga' includes skull and head diseases treated with therapies like 'Nashya', 'Raktamokshana', and 'Siro-virechana' to balance 'Dosha' and alleviate conditions affecting the skull.
28) Kantha (Kamtha):
'Kantha' means throat. 'Kantha-roga' includes throat diseases like 'Galaganda' (goiter) and 'Rohini'. Treatments involve 'Raktamokshana', 'Nashya', and other Panchakarma therapies to manage and treat these conditions.
29) Shalakyatantra (Salakyatantra, Shalakya-tantra, Shalakyatamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Shalakyatantra]
30) Ghrita (Ghrta):
'Ghrita' means clarified butter or ghee, used in Ayurvedic treatments. It is often prepared with medicinal herbs and administered in therapies like 'Nashya', 'Snehana', and 'Basti' to balance 'Dosha' and nourish the body.
31) Mukharoga (Mukha-roga):
'Mukha-roga' refers to diseases of the oral cavity. Conditions like 'Sheetada' (gingivitis) and 'Upakusha' (gum disease) fall under this category. Treatments include 'Virechana', 'Nashya', 'Gandusha', and 'Raktamokshana'.
32) Tikshna (Tiksna):
'Tikshna' means sharp or penetrating. It describes the properties of certain Ayurvedic medicines used in therapies like 'Vamana' and 'Virechana' to liquefy and detach morbid 'Dosha' from the body channels.
33) Rohini:
'Rohini' is a disease related to the throat (part of 'Kantha-roga'). It includes conditions like tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Treatments involve 'Nashya', 'Raktamokshana', and other therapies to manage inflammation and balance 'Dosha'.
34) Sneha:
'Sneha' means fat or oil used in various Ayurvedic therapies. It is crucial in 'Snehana' (oleation therapy) and 'Basti' to lubricate, detoxify, and nourish the body, thus aiding in the balance of 'Dosha'.
35) Snehana:
'Snehana' is an oleation therapy used as a preparatory procedure in Panchakarma. It involves administering medicinal oils or fats to lubricate tissues, facilitating the removal of vitiated 'Dosha' through subsequent therapies like 'Virechana' and 'Basti'.
36) Dravya:
'Dravya' refers to medicinal substances or drugs used in Ayurvedic treatments. These include various herbs, oils, and preparations essential for therapies like 'Nashya', 'Basti', and 'Vamana' to balance 'Dosha' and treat diseases.
37) Vata:
'Vata' is one of the three 'Dosha', representing air and space elements. It governs movement and communication in the body. Imbalance in 'Vata' leads to disorders treated with therapies like 'Basti', 'Nashya', and 'Snehana'.
38) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]
39) Pratishyaya (Pratisyaya):
'Pratishyaya' refers to nasal congestion or sinusitis. Treatments for this condition include 'Nashya', 'Vamana', and 'Raktamokshana' to expel the vitiated 'Kapha' and provide relief from symptoms.
40) Kantharoga (Kantha-roga):
'Kantha-roga' means throat diseases, including conditions like 'Galaganda' (goiter) and 'Rohini'. Treatment involves Panchakarma therapies like 'Raktamokshana', 'Nashya', 'Vamana', and other procedures targeting the throat.
41) Nasaroga (Nasa-roga):
'Nasa-roga' includes diseases affecting the nose, such as 'Pratishyaya' (sinusitis) and 'Nasanaha' (nasal obstruction). Treatments include 'Nashya', 'Vamana', and 'Avapida Nashya' to clear the nasal passages and balance 'Dosha'.
42) Vidagdha:
'Vidagdha' means burnt or affected by heat, often associated with 'Drishti' or vision disturbances in Ayurveda. Conditions like 'Dhoomara Drishti' and 'Amla-Vidagdha Drishti' are related to vision issues caused by heat or inflammation.
43) Shodhana (Sodhana):
'Sodhana' refers to detoxification therapies in Ayurveda, including Panchakarma procedures like 'Vamana', 'Virechana', 'Basti', 'Nashya', and 'Raktamokshana'. These therapies aim to remove vitiated 'Dosha' and toxins, restoring balance and health.
44) Gandusa (Gandusha, Gamdusa, Gamdusha):
'Gandusha' involves holding medicinal oil or decoction in the mouth for oral health. It is used in treating 'Mukha-roga' like 'Sheetada' and 'Upakusha', aiding in detoxification and balancing 'Dosha' in the oral cavity.
45) Timira:
'Timira' is an eye disease characterized by progressive loss of vision, part of 'Netra-roga'. Treatments include 'Basti', 'Nashya', and 'Raktamokshana' to manage symptoms and balance 'Dosha' affecting the eyes.
46) Galaganda (Gala-ganda, Galagamda):
'Galaganda' refers to goiter or swelling in the thyroid region, a type of 'Kantha-roga'. Treatments include 'Raktamokshana', 'Nashya', and other Panchakarma therapies to reduce swelling and balance 'Dosha'.
47) Badhirya:
'Badhirya' means hearing loss, a condition under 'Karna-roga'. Treatments include oil therapies like 'Snehana', 'Nashya', and bloodletting procedures like 'Siraveda' to alleviate symptoms and restore hearing.
48) Samanya:
'Samanya' means general or common. In the context of diseases, 'Samanya Siro Roga Chikitsa' refers to the general treatment protocols for head diseases, including therapies like 'Nashya' and 'Raktamokshana' to balance 'Dosha' and alleviate symptoms.
49) Rasa (Rasha):
'Rasa' refers to taste or essence in Ayurveda. In therapies, it denotes medicinal preparations like 'Mamsa Rasa' (meat soup) used in dietary treatments or 'Samsarjana Krama' after Panchakarma procedures to restore digestive balance.
50) Netraroga (Netra-roga):
'Netra-roga' refers to eye diseases like 'Abhisyanda' and 'Timira'. Treatments include Panchakarma therapies such as 'Nashya', 'Raktamokshana', and 'Netra Tarpana' to manage symptoms and maintain ocular health.
51) Suryavarta (Surya-avarta):
'Suryavarta' is a severe headache related to sun exposure, classified under 'Siro-roga'. Treatments include Panchakarma therapies like 'Nashya', 'Raktamokshana', and specific herbal formulations to alleviate pain and balance 'Dosha'.
52) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
'Saindhava' is rock salt used in various Ayurvedic treatments, including 'Basti' and 'Gandusha'. It helps in balancing 'Dosha', enhancing the absorption of medicinal properties, and facilitating detoxification processes.
53) Akshipaka (Aksipaka, Akshi-paka):
'Akshipaka' refers to eye inflammation, part of 'Netra-roga'. Treatments involve Panchakarma therapies like 'Virechana' and 'Raktamokshana' to reduce symptoms and balance 'Dosha' affecting the eyes.
54) Lekhana:
'Lekhana' means scraping or cleansing, used in therapeutic procedures. In 'Vartma Lekhana', a preparatory step for eye treatments, it involves removing excess tissue to treat conditions like 'Abhisyanda' and 'Adhimantha'.
55) Pippali (Pippalin):
'Pippali' (long pepper) is a medicinal herb used in various Ayurvedic formulations. It is effective in therapies like 'Vamana' and 'Snehana' to balance 'Dosha' and enhance digestion and detoxification.
56) Kavala:
'Kavala' involves swishing medicinal oil or decoction in the mouth. It's used in treating 'Mukha-roga' like 'Sheetada' and 'Danta-roga', aiding in detoxification and maintaining oral health.
57) Palita:
'Palita' refers to premature graying of hair. Treatments include 'Sirovirechana', 'Nashya' with 'Nili Taila', and other Panchakarma therapies to balance 'Dosha' and promote healthy hair.
58) Niruha:
'Niruha' is a type of 'Basti' (medicated enema) that expels toxins from the body. It is effective in treating 'Vata' and 'Tridoshaja' disorders, providing detoxification and rejuvenation benefits.
59) Panda (Pamda):
[see source text or glossary: Panda]
60) Krimi (Krmi):
'Krimi' means worms or parasites. In Ayurveda, 'Krimi-roga' refers to diseases caused by parasitic infestations. Treatments include 'Virechana', 'Raktamokshana', and specific herbal formulations to eliminate parasites and balance 'Dosha'.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 275]
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