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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淎yurvedic Management of PCOS, Fatty Liver, and Gallstones in Women鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Disease:
A disease like Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is explained as a complex endocrine disorder involving multiple health issues, including ovarian dysfunction and various symptoms like cystic acne and hirsutism. These conditions can have a significant effect on female fertility.

2) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic approach to treatment that focuses on the balanced functioning of the body's elements and energies, known as Doshas. This traditional Indian medicine system uses natural remedies and dietary modifications to treat conditions like PCOD, fatty liver, and cholelithiasis.

3) Vata:
Vata is one of the three primary Doshas in Ayurveda that governs movement and communication in the body. In PCOD, the Vata Dosha's normal function is hindered by the accumulation of Kapha, leading to ovarian dysfunction and other related symptoms.

4) Pitta:
Pitta is another Dosha in Ayurveda responsible for metabolism and transformation in the body. It works in conjunction with Vata and Kapha. When blocked by Kapha and Ama (undigested food), Pitta can lead to hormonal imbalances and conditions like fatty liver disease.

5) Food:
Food plays a crucial role in Ayurvedic treatment and diagnosis. The patient in the case report was advised to follow a diet that excluded non-vegetarian food, fast food, and milk-based products to effectively manage the symptoms of fatty liver disease and gallstone.

6) Medicine:
Ayurvedic medicine involves various herbal formulations aimed at balancing the Doshas and rectifying the imbalances in the body. Specific Ayurvedic interventions like Shuddhi Powder and Liver Syrups were administered to the patient to treat her conditions effectively.

7) Diet:
Dietary recommendations are central to Ayurveda, focusing on foods that balance the Doshas. The patient was advised to include seasonal fruits and vegetables while avoiding certain foods like fast food and milk-based products to manage her liver condition and overall health.

8) Hair:
One of the symptoms experienced by the patient was hair-fall, a common issue associated with PCOD due to hormonal imbalances. Ayurvedic treatment included medicines like Hair Care Churna to address this symptom and promote healthy hair.

9) Dhatu:
In Ayurveda, Dhatu refers to the basic tissues that form the human body, such as Rasa (plasma), Rakta (blood), and Asthi (bone). Proper nourishment of the Dhatus is essential for health. PCOD involves the derangement of Dhatus like Rasa and Rakta.

10) Pain:
Pain is a frequent symptom in various disorders. In the case report, the patient experienced abdominal pain and back pain, indicative of her underlying conditions. Ayurvedic treatments aim to alleviate such pain by addressing the root causes and balancing the Doshas.

11) Kapha:
Kapha, the Dosha associated with structure and stability, plays a significant role in PCOD. Excessive accumulation of Kapha can block the channels (Srotas) and disrupt the normal functioning of Vata and Pitta, leading to issues like ovarian cysts and hormonal imbalances.

12) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the nutritive fluid or plasma that nourishes all the tissues (Dhatus) of the body. In the context of PCOD, improper processing of Rasa leads to the formation of Ama, contributing to the development of ovarian cysts and other symptoms.

13) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
Rasa-dhatu is the first and primary tissue element formed after digestion. It is responsible for circulating nutrients throughout the body. In PCOD, impairment in Rasa-dhatu processing leads to Ama formation and blocks the Vata and Pitta channels.

14) Powder:
In Ayurvedic treatment, powders like Dr. Shuddhi Powder are used for their therapeutic benefits. These herbal powders can help in the purification of blood, balancing the Doshas, and improving digestive functions.

15) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are the fundamental energies in Ayurveda responsible for physiological and pathological processes in the body. The balance of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha Doshas determines health, while their imbalance leads to disease conditions like PCOD, fatty liver, and cholelithiasis.

16) Bala:
Bala refers to the strength or force of the Doshas as assessed during Naadi Pariksha (pulse examination). It indicates the severity and characteristics of an individual's condition, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment plan.

17) Stiffness:
Stiffness is a symptom experienced by the patient in the case report. It can indicate underlying conditions such as metabolic imbalances, which Ayurveda aims to treat through herbal medicines and dietary modifications.

18) Pariksha (Pariksa):
[see source text or glossary: Pariksa]

19) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni refers to weak digestive fire, which is a central concept in Ayurveda. Poor digestion (Mandagni) leads to the formation of Ama (undigested food), contributing to disorders like PCOD, fatty liver, and cholelithiasis.

20) Swelling:
Swelling can occur as a symptom in various health conditions, indicating inflammation or fluid accumulation. Ayurvedic therapies aim to reduce swelling by balancing the body鈥檚 Doshas and improving metabolic processes.

21) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Modern hygiene and personal care products, though essential, often contain chemicals like phthalates and parabens that can act as endocrine disruptors. These chemicals can contribute to health issues like PCOD by disrupting hormonal balance.

22) Family:
Family history plays a crucial role in the manifestation of conditions like PCOD, as there can be substantial hereditary factors. In the case report, though the patient had no family history of such diseases, this factor is often investigated during diagnosis.

23) Rakta:
Rakta, or blood, is one of the essential Dhatus (tissues) in Ayurveda. Disorders in Rakta can contribute to various health issues, including PCOD, where Rakta and Rasa are commonly affected by Dosha imbalances.

24) Pulse:
[see source text or glossary: Pulse]

25) Fever:
Fever is one of the presenting complaints in the case report, signifying an underlying infection or inflammation. Ayurvedic approaches involve holistic treatments that address the root causes and symptoms, aiming for long-term relief.

26) Menstrual blood:
In Ayurveda, menstrual blood is considered the Upadhatu (secondary tissue) of Rasa-dhatu. Imbalances in Rasa-dhatu can lead to menstrual irregularities, a common symptom in conditions like PCOD.

27) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation in Ayurveda refers to the metabolic activities governed by Pitta Dosha. When these enzymatic reactions are hindered by Ama and Kapha, it leads to incomplete metabolism and conditions like PCOD.

28) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kaphadosha is characterized by qualities like heaviness and sluggishness. Excess Kapha accumulation can block Vata and Pitta channels, leading to symptoms of PCOD, such as ovarian cysts and hormonal imbalances.

29) Apanavayu (Apana-vayu):
Apanavayu, a subtype of Vata Dosha, governs the downward movement of energy and is crucial for processes like menstruation and excretion. In PCOD, Apanavayu is obstructed, leading to symptoms like amenorrhea and ovarian cysts.

30) Pesticide:
Exposure to pesticides and other industrial pollutants can disrupt endocrine function and increase the risk of PCOD. These chemicals act as endocrine disruptors, affecting reproductive health and hormone balance.

31) Upadhatu:
Upadhatu refers to the secondary tissues or by-products formed during the metabolic process. Menstrual blood is considered an Upadhatu of Rasa-dhatu, and imbalances in primary Dhatus can affect these secondary tissues, leading to conditions like PCOD.

32) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti is an individual's unique physical and psychological constitution determined by the balance of the three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). It helps in diagnosing diseases and customizing treatments in Ayurveda.

33) Toxicity:
Ayurvedic treatments are often preferred for their minimal drug toxicity compared to allopathic medicines. Herbal formulations aim to balance the body鈥檚 elements without causing adverse side effects.

34) Vomiting:
Vomiting, or hyperemesis, is one of the patient's symptoms indicative of her underlying conditions. Ayurvedic treatments aim to identify the root cause and provide relief through natural remedies and lifestyle modifications.

35) Avastha:
[see source text or glossary: Avastha]

36) Anupana:
Anupana refers to the medium taken along with medicines, like water or milk, to facilitate their absorption and enhance efficacy. For instance, lukewarm water was used as an Anupana for various medicines in the case report.

37) Avipaka:
[see source text or glossary: Avipaka]

38) Bandhya:
Bandhya in Ayurveda refers to conditions causing infertility. PCOD has similarities with Bandhya due to its significant impact on female fertility, encompassing hormonal imbalances and ovarian dysfunction.

39) Pittam (Pittham):
[see source text or glossary: Pittam]

40) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to the structural components in the body affected by disease. In PCOD, the Dushyas include Rasa and Rakta Dhatus. The imbalance in these Dhatus contributes to the symptoms and pathology of the disorder.

41) Sthana:
Sthana refers to the site of localization of disease in Ayurveda. For PCOD, the primary sites affected are the ovaries and often the liver. Determining the Sthana helps in targeting the treatment more effectively.

42) Keshya (Kesya):
[see source text or glossary: Keshya]

43) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas are the channels in the body through which nutrients and waste materials are transported. In PCOD, Kapha and Ama block the Srotas, leading to symptoms like ovarian cysts and impaired hormonal function.

44) Punjab:
Punjab is one of the regions where the Ayurvedic clinic mentioned in the case report is located. It highlights the geographical practice of Ayurveda in treating various health conditions.

45) Thirst:
Excessive thirst is one of the symptoms associated with liver issues and metabolic imbalances in Ayurveda. It is mentioned as Trishnadhikya in the case report, indicating a need for holistic treatment.

46) Aruci:
Aruchi refers to anorexia or loss of appetite, a symptom mentioned in Ayurveda. It is related to digestive imbalances (Mandagni) and is often addressed through dietary modifications and herbal treatments in Ayurveda.

47) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi refers to the bone tissue in Ayurveda. Conditions affecting the bone tissue are managed by balancing the Doshas and nourishing the Dhatus, ensuring proper bone health and overall well-being.

48) Avara:
Avara indicates poor condition or weak force in Ayurvedic assessment. For instance, in Aharashakti (capacity to digest food), it indicates poor digestive capability, necessitating specific dietary and medicinal interventions.

49) India:
India is the country where Ayurvedic medical practices, as illustrated in the case report, are widely conducted. The case study was conducted in Noida, highlighting the relevance of Ayurveda in modern Indian healthcare.

50) Ayus (Ayush):
AYUSH refers to the governmental body in India that promotes traditional medical systems including Ayurveda. The journal AYUSHDHARA, where the case study was published, operates under this body, emphasizing Ayurveda's importance.

51) Pearl:
In PCOD, the polycystic ovaries resemble a 'string of pearls' appearance on ultrasound due to the multiple cysts under the ovarian surface. This characteristic imaging feature helps in diagnosing the syndrome.

52) Blood:
Blood or Rakta is a fundamental tissue in Ayurveda, playing a critical role in health. Imbalances in Rakta can contribute to conditions like PCOD, where proper circulation and nutrient delivery are disrupted.

53) Agni:
Agni in Ayurveda refers to the digestive fire or metabolic energy. Proper Agni is essential for digestion and metabolism. Imbalances, such as Mandagni (weak digestive fire), lead to various health issues including PCOD.

54) Raja:
Raja in Ayurveda refers to the endometrium or menstrual blood. It is considered the secondary element of Rasa-dhatu. Imbalances in Rasa affect Raja, leading to menstrual disorders often seen in PCOD.

55) Vaya:
Vaya in Ayurveda denotes age. Specific treatments and dietary recommendations are tailored according to an individual's age, as seen in the case study where the patient's age of 40 was considered in the treatment plan.

56) Vati:
Vati refers to tablets or pill forms of Ayurvedic medicine. Tablets like Shuddhikaran and Divyaarthri were prescribed to the patient in the case report to manage her conditions effectively.

57) Mala:
Mala refers to waste products generated during metabolic processes in Ayurveda. Efficient removal of Mala is essential for health. Blockages in Mala pathways can contribute to conditions like PCOD, with accumulated waste disrupting normal functions.

58) Mridu (Mrdu):
[see source text or glossary: Mrdu]

59) Pita:
[see source text or glossary: Pita]

60) Fire:
Fire, represented by Agni in Ayurveda, is essential for digestion and metabolism. Weak or imbalanced Agni (Mandagni) can lead to the accumulation of Ama, contributing to conditions like fatty liver and PCOD.

61) Milk:
Milk and milk-based products were excluded from the patient鈥檚 diet as they can aggravate symptoms of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and gallstone, according to the dietary recommendations provided in the case study.

62) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]