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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淧harmacognostical study of osbeckia muralis naudin.鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Powder:
Powder microscopy is part of the study where shade dried leaves of Osbeckia muralis were finely powdered and examined under a microscope. This method helps in identifying the plant's characteristics through microscopic examination, which can be vital for authentication and standardization purposes.

2) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical relates to the study undertaken to identify and standardize Osbeckia muralis. It involves macroscopic, microscopic, and powder microscopy to analyze the herb's structural characteristics, ensuring the plant material's quality and reproducibility for medicinal use.

3) Binu:
Binu B is the primary author of the study on Osbeckia muralis. As a PhD Scholar at the Department of Post Graduate studies of Dravyaguna, Alvas Ayurveda Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India, Binu is integral to this pharmacognostical research endeavor.

4) Kannada:
Kannada is referenced in the context of Osbeckia muralis being commonly known as 鈥楴ela Nekkarika鈥� in Kannada. The plant is used by ethnomedical practitioners in the Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka, illustrating the local language's role in traditional medicine identification.

5) Karnataka:
Karnataka is the Indian state where the pharmacognostical study on Osbeckia muralis was conducted, specifically focused on its use by ethnomedical practitioners in the Dakshina Kannada District. The research contributes to the regional knowledge base of medicinal plants.

6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional Indian system of medicine mentioned as a backdrop for the pharmacognostical study. Though Osbeckia muralis is not found in classical Ayurvedic literature, the study aims to explore and document its medicinal benefits using Ayurvedic principles.

7) Ghat (Gham):
Ghat refers to the Western Ghats, a predominantly hilly region where Osbeckia muralis is an endemic herb. The study mentions the usage of this plant by folklore practitioners from the foothills of the Western Ghats, highlighting its geographic and ethnobotanical significance.

8) Dakshina Kannada:
Dakshina Kannada is a district in Karnataka, India, where ethnomedical practitioners use Osbeckia muralis for treating coughs. The research aims to document and validate these traditional practices through pharmacognostical studies, thereby contributing to ethnomedicine.

9) Dakshina (Daksina):
[see source text or glossary: Dakshina]

10) Family:
Family refers to the classification of Osbeckia muralis under the Melastomaceae family. Understanding the plant's family helps in identifying its botanical characteristics and its relation to other plants, crucial for pharmacognostic studies and medicinal use documentation.

11) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna, which is the department associated with Binu B and Subrahmanya Padyana, deals with the study of the properties and actions of medicinal substances. This department is central to the pharmacognostical research conducted on Osbeckia muralis.

12) Medicine:
Medicine is the broader field in which the pharmacognostical study of Osbeckia muralis is conducted. The study aims to authenticate and standardize the plant material for its potential medicinal benefits, particularly in treating respiratory ailments like cough.

13) India:
India is the country where the study on Osbeckia muralis is conducted. The research focuses on a locally used medicinal plant from the Western Ghats and contributes to the broader documentation of India's traditional and ethnomedicinal knowledge.

14) Drug:
Drug refers to Osbeckia muralis being investigated for its medicinal properties. The pharmacognostical study aims to ensure the drug's standardization and authentication, making it a reliable source for treating respiratory ailments, as used by local practitioners.

15) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical studies might be referenced in further research on Osbeckia muralis for identifying its bioactive components. While this study focuses on pharmacognostical methods, phytochemical analysis would complement the understanding of its medicinal properties.

16) Discussion:
Discussion is a section in the study where the findings from the macroscopic, microscopic, and powder microscopy of Osbeckia muralis are analyzed. Here, the study interprets the significance of the observed characteristics in validating the plant's medicinal use details.

17) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to a traditional Ayurvedic preparation form. Folklore practitioners use Osbeckia muralis in forms like Swarasa and Kashaya to treat cough, indicating the customary methods of utilizing this herb in local medicine practices.

18) Kumar:
Kumar refers to Sunil Kumar, the Senior Research Officer at SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, who contributed to this pharmacognostical study. His role is crucial in the overall research and analysis of Osbeckia muralis.

19) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush, in this context, refers to the broader field encompassing Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. The journal AYUSHDHARA, where this study is published, focuses on research within these allied systems of traditional Indian medicine.

20) Tamil:
Tamil is mentioned as the language in which Osbeckia muralis is locally known as 鈥楥en-Thumbai鈥�. This points to the regional linguistic diversity in the naming and use of medicinal plants across different Indian states, including Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.