Identity of Ṭaṅkī (Physalis Minima) in Ayurvedic Texts Review
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: Identity of Ṭaṅkī (Physalis Minima Linn.) in Ayurvedic Classics: A Literature Review
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:
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Supriya S Kallianpur, Rohit A Gokarn, N Rajashekhar
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: Identity of Ṭaṅkī (Physalis Minima Linn.) in Ayurvedic Classics: A Literature Review
Year: 2016
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The accurate identification of medicinal herbs is crucial in Ayurveda, as incorrect identification or administration can lead to adverse effects. The article focuses on the drug Ṭaṅkī, identified as Physalis minima Linn. or country gooseberry, which is recognized for its various health benefits, including anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory properties. This literature review employs extensive research from Ayurvedic classics, modern literature, and other resources to clarify the identity of Ṭaṅkī and its alignment with classical texts.
Importance of Ṭaṅkī in Ayurvedic Medicine
A meticulous review indicated that while the term Ṭaṅkī is primarily referenced in the Bhāvaprakāśa Nighaṇṭu, its association with other names, particularly Śṅgṣṭ, has been significant in classical Ayurveda. Descriptions in classical texts, primarily attributed to commentator ḍalhaṇa, depict Ṭaṅkī’s characteristics such as pale (gaura) and rounded (vartula) fruit. The conclusion drawn in the review is that Ṭaṅkī aligns with Śṅgṣṭ due to its morphological similarities and shared traditional uses, supporting its classification as P. minima.
Conclusion
The analysis reveals that the herb Physalis minima Linn, known as Ṭaṅkī in some texts, is synonymous with Śṅgṣṭ of Ayurvedic classics, with additional variations like Cirapoṭikā and Kākatikta noted. This identification underscores the significance of traditional knowledge combined with modern understanding in determining the classifications and therapeutic uses of medicinal plants. The research not only reinforces the usage of Ṭaṅkī in Ayurvedic practice but also serves as a foundation for future studies on the plant's pharmacological properties and potential applications in herbal medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the identity of Ṭaṅkī according to Ayurvedic classics?
Ṭaṅkī is identified as Physalis minima Linn. in Ayurvedic texts, specifically mentioned in Bhāvaprakāśa, and is also synonomous with Śṅgṣṭ. Its descriptions match with that of Physalis minima, highlighting its significance in Ayurvedic medicine.
What potential health benefits does Physalis minima Linn offer?
Physalis minima Linn exhibits multiple health benefits, including anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Its traditional uses also support these pharmacological properties, making it a valuable medicinal plant in Ayurveda.
Which texts reference the herb Ṭaṅkī?
The name Ṭaṅkī is primarily found in Bhāvaprakāśa, whereas references to Śṅgṣṭ can be found in texts like ṛhtrayī, Bhela, and śⲹ貹. These variations highlight the herb’s historical and medicinal significance.
What modern studies support the uses of Physalis minima Linn?
Modern research supports the traditional uses of Physalis minima Linn, revealing its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities. Studies have shown potential applications in treating conditions like diabetes, ulcers, and inflammation, proving its therapeutic efficacy.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Identity of Ṭaṅkī (Physalis Minima) in Ayurvedic Texts Review�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Sharngeshtha (Sarngestha):
The term Śṅgṣṭ refers to a medicinal herb mentioned in various Ayurvedic texts. It is considered important for its therapeutic properties and is associated with diseases like fever and cough. Identifying its correlation with modern botanical classifications enhances understanding and validates its pharmacological relevance in Ayurveda.
2) Drug:
In Ayurveda, 'drug' refers to any substance used for medicinal purposes, including herbs, minerals, and animal products. Proper identification and use of drugs are crucial for effective treatment. Misidentification can lead to adverse effects, emphasizing the importance of accurate knowledge and classification in traditional medicine.
3) Tankari:
Ṭaṅkī is identified as the specific Ayurvedic name for Physalis minima Linn., a plant with known medicinal properties. It highlights the necessity of recognizing traditional nomenclature to ensure safe and effective utilization within therapeutic contexts, thereby connecting ancient practices with contemporary drug identification methods.
4) Samhita:
ṃh signifies an ancient collection of texts that encapsulate the principles and practices of Ayurveda. These texts are pivotal in molding the basic tenets of Ayurvedic medicine, guiding practitioners through methodologies in diagnosis, treatment, and herbal formulations.
5) Activity:
In a pharmacological context, 'activity' refers to the effect produced by a drug or compound on biological systems. Understanding the activity of medicinal plants like Physalis minima is crucial for validating their traditional uses and contributing to the development of effective natural therapies in modern medicine.
6) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
ūٰٳԲ signifies a major section within classic texts, detailing significant theories and practices in Ayurveda. Such divisions facilitate the organized study of Ayurvedic concepts, aiding practitioners in navigating vast traditional knowledge aptly.
7) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating in India, focusing on holistic health and natural therapies. Combining herbal remedies, diet, and lifestyle modifications, it aims to balance body and mind, aiming for overall well-being and prevention of illness using traditional practices integrated with modern health concepts.
8) Vayasi:
ⲹī, like Śṅgṣṭ, is another name in Ayurvedic literature that may represent a particular herb. Understanding synonyms and nomenclature is essential in Ayurvedic texts for correctly identifying plants used in treatments, thus maintaining the integrity of traditional healing practices and their relevance today.
9) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Similar to Nighaṇṭu, Nighantu also serves as a reference book in Ayurveda listing various medicinal substances, their properties, and therapeutic applications. Delving into such texts aids practitioners in accurately prescribing remedies based on historical knowledge infused with scientific validation.
10) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Sangraha translates to a compilation or collection of knowledge, particularly in Ayurveda. It often refers to texts that aggregate various traditional knowledge and practices into a cohesive format, promoting ease of access and comprehensive understanding of Ayurvedic medicine and its applications.
11) Kakamaci (Kaka-maci):
첹峦ī commonly refers to Solanum nigrum, a plant used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Its recognition and correlation with other medicinal herbs underpin the importance of accurate plant identification and the value of exploring traditional uses validated by contemporary pharmacological research.
12) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of the interaction between drugs and biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological properties of plants discussed in Ayurvedic texts aids in elucidating their medicinal benefits and integrating phytotherapy with modern medical approaches, thereby enhancing treatment options.
13) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is a branch of Ayurveda focusing on the properties of medicinal substances (dravyas) and their therapeutic applications. This field emphasizes understanding the characteristics and actions of various herbs to optimize their use in treatment, thereby ensuring the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic therapies.
14) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
śܳٲ-ṃh is a foundational text in Ayurveda, authored by the ancient physician Suśruta, detailing surgical techniques and principles. It serves as a cornerstone for surgical practice in Ayurveda, illustrating the historical progression and innovation within the field of medicine.
15) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma refers to a common surname associated with scholars and practitioners within the field of Ayurveda. Individuals with this surname often contribute to the discourse surrounding Ayurvedic practices, literature, and pharmacology, furthering the understanding and integration of traditional medicine with modern healthcare.
16) Bharati:
Bharati refers to a cultural and historical context associated with Ayurveda, often linked to scholarly works and traditional practices. It emphasizes the integral role of ancient Indian civilization in shaping Ayurvedic knowledge and its continued influence on contemporary health systems.
17) Phala:
In Ayurveda, 'Phala' denotes the fruit of a plant, which is significant in preparations and treatments. The pharmacological properties of fruits like those of Physalis minima highlight their use in traditional therapies, underlining the importance of understanding plant parts in medicinal applications.
18) Guducyadivarga (Guducyadi-varga):
ҳḍūc徱- refers to a classification of medicinal herbs in Ayurvedic texts, emphasizing specific groups like Guḍūcī that share similar properties and therapeutic uses. This understanding aids practitioners in selecting appropriate remedies based on established classifications for effective treatment.
19) Guducyadi (Guducya-adi):
ҳḍūc徱 encompasses a family of medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, particularly emphasizing their beneficial properties. Understanding these herbs, including their uses and classifications, helps practitioners formulate remedies based on traditional knowledge and modern findings in phytotherapy.
20) Parpati:
ʲ貹ṭ� is a term referring to the fruit of Physalis minima in Ayurvedic texts. Recognizing this synonym is crucial for accurate identification and utilization of medicinal properties associated with this plant in treatments, ensuring the effective integration of traditional and modern medicine.
21) Vartula:
Vartula translates to 'rounded' in Sanskrit, referring to the shape of certain fruits, including those of medicinal plants. This descriptive term is pertinent in identifying plants based on physical characteristics, aiding in proper identification in Ayurvedic medicine.
22) Kashyapa (Kasyapa, Kashya-pa, Kashyapanamdana):
śⲹ貹 refers to one of the ancient sages in Ayurveda, credited with various texts that form the basis of Ayurvedic knowledge. His contributions significantly shaped the understanding of herbal medicine and treatments, enriching the traditional knowledge available for practitioners today.
23) Brihat (Brhat):
ṛh is a term used to denote 'large' or 'great' in Sanskrit, often associated with extensive Ayurvedic texts like ṛhtrayī, which compile comprehensive knowledge of medicinal substances and their applications, reinforcing the depth of traditional healing practices.
24) Gaura:
Gaura translates to 'pale' or 'white', describing the color of certain plant parts or fruits, notably in the context of medicinal plants. This term aids in classifying and recognizing plants based on their morphological characteristics critical in Ayurvedic herbal identification.
25) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush refers to the traditional Indian system of medicine, encompassing Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. Promoting holistic health and wellness, Ayush recognizes the significance of integrating these systems to provide comprehensive healthcare solutions, enhancing patient well-being.
26) Sugar:
In the context of Ayurveda, sugar is an important dietary component, often regarded for its medicinal properties. Understanding its role in treatment formulations helps practitioners maintain a balanced approach to health, harnessing both therapeutic and nutritional benefits.
27) Bhavaprakashanighantu (Bhavaprakasanighantu, Bhavaprakasha-nighantu):
Similar to Bhavaprakasha-nighantu, this term underscores the importance of Ayurvedic lexicons in preserving medicinal knowledge. It serves as a vital reference for practitioners to correctly identify and use herbs within the holistic framework of Ayurveda.
28) Sarvangasundara (Sarvanga-sundara, Sarvamgasumdara):
Sarvangasundara, often referring to an individual or a text, could be associated with the comprehensive aspects of Ayurvedic practice. Learning from such names guides practitioners by providing context and historical significance within the Ayurvedic discourse, fostering deeper understanding.
29) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology, the science studying drug interactions in biological systems, is essential in understanding how Ayurvedic herbs affect health. Researching the pharmacological properties of traditional remedies bridges ancient practices with modern science, enhancing their evidence-based utilization in contemporary health settings.
30) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated refers to the gathering of knowledge over time in herbal medicine. Understanding how various herbs have gained medicinal importance through centuries of use is vital for integrating traditional wisdom with modern pharmacological findings.
31) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
Vatavyadhi denotes a group of diseases attributed to 'Vata' dosha imbalances in Ayurveda. Understanding these conditions aids practitioners in identifying and applying appropriate treatments, emphasizing the significance of balancing bodily energies (doshas) within Ayurvedic practice.
32) Arunadatta:
A variation of the same name, emphasizing the significance of scholars in preserving and interpreting Ayurvedic texts. By studying such contributors, practitioners gain insight into the historical context and thoughtful analyses of traditional remedies.
33) Mahendra (Mahemdra, Maha-indra):
Mahendra could refer to Mahendra or Mahendra Prakash, a commentator on Ayurvedic texts. Recognizing contributors enriches the understanding of the Ayurvedic tradition and informs contemporary practices based on historical wisdom.
34) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is a significant figure in ancient Ayurvedic literature credited with composing the Ashtanga Hridayam. His texts are key resources for understanding Ayurvedic concepts, treatments, and classifications of medicinal substances, forming the basis for many modern Ayurvedic practices.
35) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana is a branch of Ayurveda focused on rejuvenation and maintaining health. It emphasizes the use of specific herbs and treatments to promote youthfulness and vitality, integrating holistic approaches to health enhancement and longevity.
36) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
ṣṭṅg pertains to the 'Eight Limbs' of yoga, a comprehensive framework in Ayurvedic and yogic practices. Understanding this concept provides insights into the interconnectedness of physical, mental, and spiritual health, forming the basis for holistic treatment approaches.
37) Abhayadi:
Abhayadi is a term often used in Ayurvedic texts to describe a type of medicinal formulation or herb. Recognizing such terms aids practitioners in understanding the characteristics and applications of various remedies in herbal medicine.
38) Vijnana:
Vijnana translates to 'knowledge' or 'science' in Sanskrit. It emphasizes the importance of acquiring deep understanding and knowledge in Ayurveda, underlining the need for well-informed practices rooted in evidence and ancient wisdom.
39) Oshadhi (Osadhi):
Oshadhi refers to medicinal plants or herbs in Ayurveda. Mastery over identifying and utilizing oshadhis is fundamental for practitioners, ensuring safe and effective therapeutic applications rooted in traditional knowledge.
40) Hemadri (Heman-adri):
refers to a significant scholar in Ayurveda noted for his contributions to classical texts. Recognizing his influence aids in understanding how Ayurvedic teachings have evolved and been transmitted through generations.
41) Science (Scientific):
Scientific reflects the application of empirical evidence and experimental methods to understand the principles behind Ayurvedic practices. Integrating scientific methodologies with traditional knowledge enhances the credibility and acceptability of herbal medicine in contemporary healthcare.
42) Dravya:
Dravya refers to substances or materials used in Ayurveda, including plants, minerals, and animal products. Understanding different dravyas and their therapeutic properties is essential for practitioners, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of treatment formulations.
43) Caraka:
Caraka is one of the renowned figures in Ayurveda, credited with writing the Caraka ṃh. This foundational text codifies Ayurvedic principles, diseases, and treatments, providing essential insights into traditional medical practices that continue to guide practitioners today.
44) Sthana:
Sthana typically refers to a section within Ayurvedic texts, detailing specific topics or classifications of substances. It helps in categorizing knowledge systematically, allowing practitioners to navigate vast traditional understandings of health and treatment effectively.
45) Katuki:
ṭuī refers to a medicinal herb known for its bitterness. Recognizing the properties of bitter herbs is crucial in Ayurveda as they serve essential roles in promoting digestion and providing various therapeutic benefits in treatment formulations.
46) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kustha denotes a group of skin diseases in Ayurveda. Understanding kustha and its treatments helps practitioners develop specific interventions based on individual symptoms and underlying dosha imbalances, enhancing the effectiveness of holistic care.
47) Bitter:
Bitter is one of the six tastes recognized in Ayurveda, associated with digestive and detoxification benefits. Emphasizing the value of bitter herbs in treatments supports the traditional understanding of balancing flavors for optimal health.
48) Reason:
Reason encompasses the logical basis for understanding and applying Ayurvedic principles. It emphasizes the need for critical thinking in integrating traditional practices with modern scientific findings, fostering informed decision-making in healthcare.
49) Laghu:
Laghu translates to 'light' in Sanskrit, often describing the qualities of certain foods or herbs in Ayurveda. An emphasis on laghu attributes aids practitioners in choosing appropriate substances for specific conditions to promote effective digestion and nutrient absorption.
50) Tikta:
Tikta is the Sanskrit term for 'bitter,' one of the primary tastes in Ayurveda. Its recognition underscores the therapeutic applications of bitter substances in promoting digestion and detoxification, essential for maintaining health and treating disorders.
51) Gupta:
Gupta can refer to a surname or a reference to traditional practices. In Ayurvedic contexts, acknowledging practitioners or scholars with this name illustrates the lineage and contributions to preserving and evolving Ayurvedic knowledge.
52) Water:
Water is a fundamental element in Ayurveda, often used in preparations, herbal infusions, and as a basic component of life. Understanding the role of water is essential in promoting hydration, balance, and life-giving properties in Ayurvedic treatments.
53) Ulcer:
Ulcers represent a medical condition characterized by open sores. In Ayurveda, addressing ulcers involves understanding the underlying dosha imbalances and utilizing appropriate herbal remedies to promote healing and restore gut health effectively.
54) Blood:
Blood is crucial in Ayurveda, where its quality and circulation are key indicators of health. Analyzing blood-related conditions helps practitioners develop tailored treatments to address imbalances and maintain overall well-being.
55) Veda:
Vedic refers to the ancient scriptures and knowledge systems from which Ayurveda emerges. Understanding Vedic concepts is essential for appreciating the philosophical roots and holistic approaches that characterize Ayurvedic medicine.
56) Lala:
Lala signifies respect and has historical significance as a title in texts and discussions around Ayurvedic practices. Recognizing the contributions of individuals with this title acknowledges the lineage and wisdom passed down through generations.
57) Gana:
Ҳṇa refers to a group or class of substances in Ayurveda. This classification aids practitioners in identifying and categorizing herbs and materials based on shared characteristics, enhancing the precision of treatments and formulations.
58) Salt (Salty):
Salt is recognized for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda, particularly in balancing doshas and enhancing flavors in dietary practices. Understanding the role of salt in treatment formulations underscores its significance alongside other herbal constituents.
59) Bronchial asthma:
Bronchial asthma is a chronic condition requiring careful management in Ayurveda. Understanding herbal remedies targeting respiratory health aids practitioners in creating effective treatment plans tailored to specific symptoms and constitution.
60) Mustard oil:
Mustard oil is commonly employed in Ayurvedic therapies for its warming properties and ability to facilitate digestion. Recognizing its applications in treatments emphasizes the importance of dietary choices and herbal oils in holistic health approaches.
61) Rock salt:
Rock salt is often highlighted in Ayurvedic practices for its medicinal properties. Understanding its uses can help practitioners incorporate appropriate mineral elements into treatments, balancing the body's energies and promoting overall wellness.
62) Madanapalanighantu (Madanapala-nighantu):
Madanapala-nighantu is an Ayurvedic lexicon detailing various herbs and their uses. It serves as a key resource for practitioners, facilitating accurate identification and effective application of traditional medicines in a clinical context.
63) Kaiyadevanighantu (Kaiyadeva-nighantu):
The same as above, this term emphasizes the importance of accessing varied Ayurvedic resources for practitioners to ensure competency in recognizing and utilizing medicinal herbs effectively.
64) Ayurvedarasayana:
Ayurveda-rasayana focuses on rejuvenation and longevity within Ayurvedic practices. Understanding the principles behind rasayana therapies is crucial for promoting vitality and enhancing overall health through age-old traditions and modern applications.
65) Kashyapasamhita (Kasyapasamhita, Kashyapa-samhita):
śⲹ貹-saṃhitā is an important Ayurvedic text that discusses various aspects of herbal medicine. Its teachings are pivotal in guiding practitioners on the application of herbs in treatments, enhancing the understanding of traditional medicine.
66) Caraka-samhita:
䲹첹-ṃh is one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda, laying down comprehensive health principles, treatment protocols, and medicinal formulations. Recognizing its impact on Ayurvedic practice promotes informed application of ancient wisdom in contemporary healthcare.
67) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
ṣṭṅg-hṛdaya is a classic Ayurvedic text by Vagbhata that consolidates knowledge regarding eight disciplines of Ayurveda. Understanding this work aids practitioners in applying Ayurvedic principles cohesively across various healthcare contexts.
68) Mahanarayana:
Ѳⲹṇa refers to a specific formulation in Ayurveda known for its nourishing properties. Recognizing such formulations enhances the understanding of traditional remedies and their applications in promoting health and treatment.
69) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy, while a modern medical intervention, highlights the importance of understanding the properties of medicinal plants. Researching Ayurvedic herbs for potential anti-cancer properties demonstrates the relevance of integrating traditional practices with contemporary medical research.
70) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a common underlying factor in many health conditions. Understanding its role in Ayurveda allows practitioners to select appropriate herbal interventions to alleviate inflammation and restore balance, providing comprehensive holistic care.
71) Sharngadhara (Sarngadhara, Sharnga-dhara):
Śṅg refers to a notable figure in Ayurveda known for specific contributions. Recognizing historical contributors underlines the development of Ayurvedic principles, informing current practices through their foundational teachings.
72) Aragvadadi:
徱 refers to a group of herbs in Ayurvedic classification, signifying their specific qualities and uses. Understanding such classifications is essential for practitioners in formulating effective treatment plans based on recognized herbal properties.
73) Kakajangha (Kaka-jangha):
첹Ჹṅg is a synonym for certain medicinal plants within Ayurvedic texts. The knowledge of various synonyms reinforces the need for accurate identification of herbs in Ayurvedic practices for effective treatment applications.
74) Discussion:
Discussion pertains to the critical analysis and exploration of Ayurvedic practices and findings. Engaging in such dialogues fosters deeper insights, promotes sharing of knowledge, and nurtures contemporary applications based on traditional practices.
75) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
Saindhava refers to rock salt in Ayurveda, recognized for its medicinal properties. Understanding its role in therapeutic practices underscores the significance of minerals alongside herbal constituents in holistic treatments.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 109]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Identity of Tankari (Physalis Minima) in Ayurvedic Texts Review�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Nighantu, Bhavaprakasha, Madanapalanighantu, Modern literature, Antioxidant activity, Pharmacological activities, Siddha System, Dravyaguna Vigyana, Anti-ulcer activity, Ayurvedic classic, Ethno-medicinal use, Physalis minima Linn., Regional name, Identification of drugs.