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and religious stories and partly invent it indepenently; but
that in any case they have to make efforts in framing and
arranging them in the form of an independent work. But the
essential difference between the Western concept of 'Novel'
and the Indian concept of 'Gadya-kavya' has been aptly under-
3 lined, though not consciously, by C. Kunhan Raja," who draws
special attention to the fact that Sanskrit makes no differe-
nce between works in a metrical form and works without the
factor of metres so far as poetry is concerned, that both are
called poetry if they are poetry on a ccount of their arti-
stic beauty in form, and that poetry is to be recited and
enjoyed through the ear as much as through the heart when
the ideas are presented in artistic language. On the other
hand, modern European concept of 'Novel' implies that it is
a work of art meant to be enjoyed through the eyes as much
as through the heart when the presentation appeals by the
power of effective and graphic representation of ideas and
characters. Thus, though the channel for reception or enjoy-
ment of this art form is different in the respective case,
the ultimate destination, viz., the heart, is common. And
this is the reason why predominantly prose-works in Sanskrit
deserve to be classed essentially as nothing but Sanskrit
3. Sur. Skt. Lit., pp.200,219.