Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki鈥檚 version.
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LITERARY EVALUATION
5.59
Sometimes the accented syllable has doubled its consonant
啶班ぞ啶椸う啷嵿う啷嬥じ 啷оェ啷イ啷オ, 啶膏ぎ啶侧啶侧啶� 啷ㄠガ啷�, 啶掂た啶氞啶氞た (啶掂啶氞た 啷оウ啷� 啷ェ) 啶溹啶掂啶掂ぐ啶� ( 啶啶掂え
啷キ啷むカ啷�).
-
[r膩gaddosa 117|44, samall墨峁嘺 266, vicci (v墨ci 106 41) jovvara峁嘺 ( yauvana
47|55).
-
] Sometimes a nasal is inserted between a compound;鈥�
啶� --- 啶溹ぎ啷嵿ぎ啶｀さ啶苦す啶� ( 啶溹え啷嵿ぎ啶掂啶さ 啷� 啷� 啷エ ), 啶� 啶忇啷嵿啷囙啷嵿啶さ啶苦ぐ啷嬥す啶� 啷� [峁嘺 --- jamma峁嘺vihava ( janmavaibhava 1 | 42 ), ma ekkekkamaviroha峁� 4] /啷ガ.
[46.
] Metathesis
啶掂ぞ啶｀ぞ啶班じ啷� (啶掂ぞ啶班ぞ啶｀じ啷� 啷ェ啷оオ啷� ) 啶ㄠた啶∴ぞ啶� ( 啶侧げ啶距 啷� | 啷� 啷� )
[v膩峁嚹乺as墨 (v膩r膩峁嘺s墨 41140 ) ni岣嵞乴a ( lal膩峁璦 4 | 3 3 )
] Conjuncts
Inital
Initial conjuncts are generally simplified by dropping one of the
members:
-
啶氞啶� (啶氞啶啶� 啷カ啷むカ啷�), 啶曕啶� ( 啶曕啶班啶� 啷ェ啷むカ啷�), 啶啶氞啶� ( 啶啶侧啶氞啶� 啷ㄠギ|啷ウ), 啶膏く啶� ( 啶膏啶掂啶�
啷оキ [cuya (cyuta 75|55), koha ( krodha 71|51), meccha ( mleccha 28|60), saya峁嘺 ( svajana
17] /啷ㄠガ), 啶掂啶膏ぞ (啶︵啶掂啶粪啶ぞ 啷оキ啷むエ啷�), 啶膏ぞ啶� ( 啶多啶ぞ啶� 啷оェ啷むェ啷︵カ), 啶ㄠ啶� ( 啶膏啶ㄠ啶� 啷イ啷оガ啷� ) .
[26), ves膩 (dve峁膩 17|23), s膩ma ( 艣y膩ma 11|105), neha ( sneha 8|163 ) .
] Medial
Assimilation
Conjuncts having members of different classes are assimilated to
the similar class :-
Progressive 鈥� 啶掂啷嵿啶� ( 啶掂げ啷嵿啶� 啷ギ 啷むェ啷�), 啶啷嵿 ( 啶ぞ啶班啶� 啷ォ啷むギ啷� ), 啶椸啶啶�
(啶椸啶啶� 啷� [vakkala ( valkala 58 |11), magga ( m膩rga 53|87 ), gupta
(gupta 1] 1啷� ) [7 ) ] ;
Regressive 鈥� 啶啶曕啶� ( 啶啶曕啶� 啷ㄠエ [mukka ( mukta 22] /啷ガ ) 啶い啷嵿い ( 啶い啷嵿ぐ 啷�.啷оオ ), 啶班ぎ啷嵿ぎ ( 啶班ぎ啷嵿く 啷оウ啷�.
啷оウ啷�), 啶︵た啶掂啶� (啶︵た啶掂啶� 啷オ 啷� 啷ガ ).
[66 ) patta ( patra 1.14 ), ramma ( ramya 102.
106), divva (divya 54 | 46 ).
] When the second and the fourth letter of a class is doubled by
assimilation, the preceding letter becomes the first and the third letter
of the same class respectively :鈥�
Progressive 鈥� 啶啶氞啶涏ぞ ( 啶啶班啶涏ぞ 啷オ [mucch膩 ( m奴rch膩 44] /啷エ), 啶啶班い啷嵿ぅ (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ 啷оイ啷ㄠォ), 啶侧う啷嵿ぇ (啶侧が啷嵿ぇ 啷� [42), prattha (artha 1|23), laddha (labdha 1] 1啷� ),
啶椸が啷嵿き (啶椸ぐ啷嵿き 啷エ啷むェ啷�),
[7 ),
gabbha (garbha 82|16),
] Regressive - 啶啶班啷嵿啶距ぃ ( 啶啶班ぞ啶栢啶ぞ啶� 啷ギ [prakkh膩峁嘺 ( pr膩khy膩na 48 ] /啷キ ), 啶ㄠ啶掂い啷嵿ぅ ( 啶ㄠ啶ぅ啷嵿く 啷ガ啷むエ啷� ), 啶膏啶班う啷嵿ぇ啶傕じ啷�
( 啶膏啶班さ啶傕ざ啷� 啷イ啷оォ啷�).
[77 ), nevattha ( nepathya 66|26 ), suraddha峁僺墨
( surava峁兣浤� 7|137).
] When the sibilant of the conjunct is assimilated the other letter is
aspirated:-
Progressive- 啶啷嵿啶� ( 啶ざ啷嵿啶距い啷� 啷� [pacch膩 ( pa艣c膩t 1] 1啷ウ), 啶侧啷嵿啶� (啶し啷嵿啶� 啷� | 啷оオ啷� ), 啶灌い啷嵿ぅ ( 啶灌じ啷嵿い
啷┼イ啷оオ啷�),
啷� 啷┼イ啷�) [90), la峁弓hi (ya峁ａ弓i 3 | 147 ), hattha ( hasta
3|147),
8 3|4)] ;
Regressive - 啶溹啷嵿 ( 啶啷嵿し 啷エ [jakkha ( yak峁 82] /啷� ) .
[4 ) .
] Conjunct 鈥榢峁鈥� generally changes into 'kkha' or 'ccha' equally and
sometimes into 'jjha' or 'ha':-
