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546
A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYA峁�
down upon as Milakkhas or Milakkhus=(Mlecchas鹿). According to
the Jaina literature those who did not know the language of the
Aryans and committed various sins were known as An膩ryas. They
are also called as Milakkhus or Milakkhas. They were distinguished
as Paccantiyas because they resided on the border of the Aryan
countries,虏 The classification of people into non-Aryan category has
varied in the Jaina literature also. The TP (4.1333f) refers to the
Mlecchakhan岣峚 which was conquered by Cakravatin Bharata. It puts
the three division of Uttara Bh膩rata and the two divisions of Dak峁�i峁嘺
Bh膩rata into the Mlecchakhan岣峚. The Uttar膩. (10.16) mentions the
Dasyus and the Mlecchas as Non-Aryan people. The Pra艣navy膩kara峁嘺s奴tra
calls the Sakas, Yavanas, Sabaras, etc. as non-Aryans (Vide JASG,
p. 135, fn.). The Varangacarita峁� (8.6) refers to the Kamboja, K膩艣m墨ra
and the Barbar countries as Mlecchade艣as. How the boundary
of the Aryan country has changed from time to time with the
Jainas can be known from the following evidences: The B峁沨atkalpas奴tra
mentions that the Jaina ascetics were allowed to move up to
Anga-magadha (East), Ko艣膩mb墨 (South), Thupa
(South), Thuna
(West) and
Ku峁嚹乴a (North). Later on king Samprati extended the limits and
25 countries were declared to be Aryan. They were Magadha,
Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, K膩艣墨, Ko艣ala, Kuru, Kusa峁�峁�膩, Pa帽c膩la, Jangala,
Surattha, Videha. Vaccha, San岣峣lla, Malaya, Vacca, Vara峁嚹�, Dasa峁囜箛a,
Gedi, Sindhu, Sov墨ra, S奴rasena, Bhangi, Puriva峁�峁璦, Ku峁嚹乴a, L膩岣峚,
and Kegaiaddha. Thus the whole of north India up to the Vindhyas
as its southern limit was known as Aryan and the rest of the land was
considered to be non-Aryan.
To the author of the PCV the hilly tribes of the north, north-
west and the Vindhyas were known as the Mleccha people and it
seems that those people had not yet been Aryanised,
The PCV further reveals that its author has given a new definition
to some of the ancient tribes. It tells us that Vidyadhara king Indra
of Rathanupura or the Vijay膩rdha mountain (the Vindhya mountains)
held sway over many peoples who were known after the name of the
place to which they belonged (7.49-50). The people belonging to
Asi峁嘺pura, Asurapura, Kinnarapura, Gandhavvapura, Jakkhapura
and Vais膩峁嘺pura are called as Asi峁嘺s, Asuras, Kinnaras, Gandharvas,
1. Vide IDETBJ, p. 139.
2. LAI, p. 144.
3. 50; also Ni艣墨. Bh膩, 16. p. 1111, (Vide LAI, p. 250掳)