Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki’s version.
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External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES, PEOPLES AND TRIBES 529 Palhiya the Bāhīkas:-They are called Anaryas (VC, 8.3) and
are associated with the people of the north (VR, 4.44.13). Their
country is located between the Bias and the Sutlej, north of Kekaya
(GD, p.19).
==
Khandhārā = the Gandhāras:-The Gandhāra country is identified
with the modern Kandhar comprising the districts of East Afganistan
and the north-west Punjab (BI, p.28). The country comprised of the
district of Peshawar and Rawalpindi (GD. p.60f).
Kolathe Kolas :--The Kols, a collection of aboriginal tribes are
said to have dwelt in Bihar in ancient times and now they inhabit the
mountainous districts of Chhotanagpur, Orisa and Madhya Pradesh
(Mār. Pu, Tr. p. 365;.
Ulugā—Ulukā :-The Ulukas of MB are located by Pargiter in the
Nepal (Mār. Pu, Tr. p. 346).
Further they are mentioned to have conquered "Purikoberā
kuharā andhā ya tahā kalingamāiyā, countries (98.67).
Purikoberā=the Purikauberas?: -On the basis of the reference in
the Harivāṃsapurāṇa to the city of Purikā in the kingdom of Māhiṣmatī
B.C. Law calls it probably a city of the Paurikas (TAI, p. 383). Our
Paurikauberas are perhaps the same people.
Kuhara the Koharas :-The town Kahror is known to ancient
-
India. It was on the bank of the old Beas river, 50 miles to the south-
east of Multan and 20 miles to the north-east of Bahawalpur (CAGI, p.
277). Then in the Purāṇas the river Kabul is mentioned as Kuhū and
in the Ṛgveda as Kubhā (GEI, p. 89). Ptolemy includes the Kirrhadai
among the tribes of Sogdiana (TAI, p. 282). The word Kuhara of the
PCV has similarity with the above mentioned names, but the people of
that name remains unidentified.
Andhā = the Andhras:-V.A. Smith regards them as the Dravadian
people and progenitors of modern Telugu people, inhabitants of the
deltas of the Godavari and the Krishna (Ind. Ant., 1913 p. 276f). They
are also called as a Vindhyan tribe who extended its political power.
from the west to the east down the valleys of the Krishna and the
Godavari. The Sātavāhanas are called Andhras or Andhrabhṛtyas by
the Purāṇas and it is well-known that they ruled over the whole of
Andhradeśa (TAI, p. 164). Huen Tsang's accounts locate the
Andhradeśa in the region of the deltas of the Kṛṣṇ� and the Godāvarī
(Ind. Ant., 1877. p. 339).
=
Kalinga the Kalingas: -Aśoka conquered the Kalingadeśa and
annexed it to his country (RE). King Khārvela was the ruler of Kalinga-
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