Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki鈥檚 version.
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GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES, PEOPLES AND TRIBES 5271 other countries adjoining them were the Kamboya (Kamboja), Suya
(艢uka), Kavoya (Kapota) which were infested with the Savaras
(27.5-7). They are again called as Vavvaras (Barbaras 27.26).
They were flat-nosed (civi岣峚n膩s膩 27.32). The horde of those
peoples has been called as Cil膩yase峁囜箛a (27.8). Thus it is clear that
these peoples are referred to as barbarians. They were the Kir膩tas
(Cil膩tas), and the Sabaras whose habitations have been named as
Kamboja, Suka and Kapota.
Kamboja the Kambojas :-The Mahabharata locates them along
with the Gandh膩ras and the Barbaras in the Uttar膩patha (XII. 207.43).
In the Raghuvamsa, Raghu meets them after defeating the Hu峁嘺s
on the bank of Va峁卥峁 (IV. 69f). Kalha峁嘺 puta them in the north
of Kashmir (Rajatar, IV. 163-176). On the evidence of the Raghuvamsa,
B. S. Upadhyaya locates them in the north-east of K膩艣m墨ra (IK, p. 61)
in the Ghalcha speaking areas of Pamir.
Suya = Suka or 艢aka ? :-They are not identified.
Kapota=Kapi艣膩 :鈥�
Kavoya Kapota Kapisa ? - Panini refers to Kapi艣膩 along with
Gandh膩ra and Balh墨ka (IV. 1.175). Kapis膩 has been identified with
the region next to Gandh膩ra coinciding with modern Kafiristan and
occupying the whole area between the river Kunar and the Hindu-
kush. The Rohitagiri separated Kapi艣膩 from Balh墨ka (IP, p. 48).
Kiratas The Nepalese tradition still gives the name Kir膩ta to
a region of their country (TAI, p. 283). On the basis of evidences from
Mahabharata the Kir膩ta region is said to be lying from Nepal to Assam
(Bh膩rata S膩vitri, p. 135). The Kiratas of the Raghuva峁兣沘 have been iden-
tified with the Tibetans or Tibeto-Burmese of Ladakh, Zankar and
Rupsu.
In the Indian literature they have been placed along the
Himalayan entire range mostly in the Brahmaputra valley (IK, p. 62).
Similarly the PCV calls them as trans-Himalayan people.
Savaras = 艢abaras:鈥擨n the Indian literature the Sabaras have been
mentioned as the people of south, infesting the forest region (TAI, p.
172). But PCV mentions them as trans. Himalayan people.
Thus the Barbaras or the Ardha-Barbaras of the PCV are the wild
tribes, also called as Mlecchas and they were the trans-Himalayan
people.
-
Mal膩: According to the MB (Sabh膩. 29) it was situated to the
east of Videha and north-west of Magadha and on the north of the
Ganges (GD, p. 121, see M膩r. Pu, Tr. p. 330).
-
Gos膩l膩 = Ga艣ila (PCR, 101.82):-Govasana referred to in the MB
is said to be the Sibi country (Bh膩. S膩, p. 135). Can the Gos膩las be
identified with the Govasanas ?
