Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki’s version.
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A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYA�
queen through his chamberlain. His queen does not receive the sacred
water in time. Dasaratha rebukes the chamberlain for the delay. The
chamberlain with his trembling limbs explains to Dasaratha that his
pitiable old age handicapped him in the quick delivery of the bath-
water. At this the heart of Dasaratha gets moved and he develops a
feeling of detachment. After some days monk Sarvasattvahita
happens to arrive there. Dasaratha pays his obeisance to him, listens
to the religious discourse and returns to his palace.
30. Now Bhāmaṇḍala being afflicted with the pangs of separation
from Sītā starts for Sāketa. In the way as soon as he reaches Vidarbha-
nagara (Viyabbhanayara), he remembers his previous birth and comes
to know that Sītā is his sister. He then along with his father, Candra-
gati goes to Saketa and pays homage to Sarvasattvahita. Candragati
becomes a disciple of Sarvasattvahita. At that time Dasaratha also
happens to come over there with his family members and listens to the
previous life-accounts of Candragati and Bhāmaṇḍala narrated by the
monk. Dasaratha then embraces Bhāmaṇḍala. On getting news from
Dasaratha, Janaka and his wife also come over there and feel happy to
see their son. All of them return to their respective places.
31. Once Dasaratha listens to the account of his previous birth.
from Muni Sarvasattvahita and gets enlightened. He informs his ministers
about his decision to enthrone Rāma and renounce the world. At this
Bharata also desires to become a monk. Kaikeyī gets perturbed to learn
it. She finds it impossible for her to live in separation from both her
husband and son. She thinks of a plan to keep Bharata tied to the
worldly life. She requests her husband to fulfil her boon by corona-
nating Bharata as the king of Sāketa. Dasaratha readily gives his con-
sent and informs of the same to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa. When Bharata
learns it he expresses his unwillingness in transgressing over the right of
his elder brother. Thereupon Rāma decides to leave the territory for
removing the scruples of Bharata and keeping up the honour of the
words of his father given to Kaikeyī. Lakṣmaṇa first gets agitated
by this decision, but he pacifies himself with the idea that he shall
not interfere in the work of the elders. When Rāma departs from
Sāketa, Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa also accompany him.
32. Rāma along with Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa proceeds towards
the west, enters the Pāriyātra forest, crosses the river Gambhīrā and
sojourns on its bank. There in Saketa Dasaratha coronates Bharata.
and himself renounces the world. Consequently Aparājitā and
Sumitrā get very much aggrieved on account of their separation
