Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki鈥檚 version.
Page 436 of: Paumacariya (critical study)
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EDUCATION AND ARCHITECTURE 407 (114. 23). The Vedas which are four in number are well-known as
Rgveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda. The Vedangas are
six in number. They are Sik峁Ｄ� (phonetics). Kalpa (ritual), Vy膩kara峁嘺
(grammar), Nirukta (exegesis), Chanda (metres) and Jyoti峁� (astronomy).
The Upangas are the supplementary or additional works such as the
Pur膩峁嘺s, the Ny膩ya, Mim膩峁僺膩 and the Dharma艣膩stras虏.
In connection with the education of Kaikey卯 it is mentioned that
she was educated and trained in Laukikaj帽膩na (loya峁� n膩峁嘺峁� 24. 8).
It is also called as loiyasui (58 6) and loyasattha (2 107). As regards
the popular learning (laukika 艣ruta) the Anuyogadvarasutra and the
Nandis奴tra mention the following works: Bh膩raha, R膩m膩ya峁嘺,
Bh墨m膩surukka, Ko岣峣llaya (Kautilya), Ghodayamuha (mentioned as a
Artha艣膩 stra and
politician in the
Kamasutra), Saga岣峣bhaddiau,
Kapp膩sia, Nagasuhuma, Ka峁嘺gasattari (according to H. R Kapadia
it is the same as Sankhyakarik膩 of I艣varak峁涐梗峁嘺), Vesiya, Vaisesiya,
Buddhas膩sana, Kavila, Log膩yata, Sa峁弓hiyanta, Madhara, Pur膩峁嘺,
V膩gara峁嘺, N膩岣峚ga, seventy two arts, four Vedas with Angas and
Up膩ngas. The Nandis奴tra adds to them Ter膩siya, Bh膩gava, P膩ya帽jali
and Pussadeva.4
=>
The references to Akkh膩峁嘺 Akhy膩na (48. 77), Jinindaniggan
thakah膩 (32. 97), Dhammakah膩 (96. 10), Parih膩sakah膩 (74. 20) and
Gandhavvakah膩 (53.20) denote the existence of narrative literature of
various kinds. Some sciences and arts which have been specifically
mentioned in the PCV (24.5-8). are :鈥�
-
Sciences Writing and Scripts (livisattham), Military science
Arithmetic (Ga峁噄ya峁�),
(Dha峁噓vveda or Isattha already mentioned).
Astronomy and Astrology, Medical science, Domestic sciences such
as Cooking (Bhoyanavihi), the science of Prognostication (Nimittam
or Atthanganimitta (7.80) which included eight branches relating to
dreams, various colours and
earthquake, portentous phenomena,
dreams,
forms of the sky, movement of limbs, voice of the birds, marks of the
body and signs of distinction6) and the sciences of dintinguishing
1. See Pradipa Tik膩 on Patanjala Mah膩bhagya by Kaiya峁璦-Ahnika I, p. 25
(Nir峁嘺yasagara press-1951).
2. MWSED, p. 213. See also Nandi. Su, 42; Anuyoga, Su, 41. Vide p. 29 of the
Canonical literature of the Jainas by H. R. Kapadia.
3. Asurakkha in the M奴l膩c膩ra at 5. 60.
4. Vide LAI, p. 171.
5. The reference to Vaidyas is enough to establish that medical science
was
studied (see the section-Diseases and their cure).
6.
See Sih膩nanga, 8.608 and TP, 4,1002鈥�1016.
