Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki’s version.
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SOURCES, CONTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE OF PCV.
of Lava and Kuśa (Supra, Ch. 3. 9. D). 'svayaṃvara' (Supra,
Ch. 3. 2 E).
(vi) Seri Rāma of Malaya (15th century AD.) :-1. Wrecking
of Dasaratha's litter (for war-chariot incident in the PCV) and
granting of a boon by Dasaratha to Bharata's 'mother for saving
him from falling down (Supra, Ch. 3. 1. B). 2. Bharata and
Satrughna as real brothers (Supra, Ch. 3.1. D). 3. Rama's success at
the 'svayamvara' of Sitä in the presence of many candidates (Supra,
Ch. 3.2. E). 4. Voluntary exile of Rāma specially for favouring
kingdom to Bharata and no intrigue of stepmother as in the Dasaratha
Jātaka (Supra, Ch. 3. 3. B). 5. Son of Śūrpaṇakhā killed by Lakṣmaṇa
(Supra, Ch. 3. 5. B). 6. Lakṣmaṇa's association with the test of Rāma
taken by Sugrīva (Supra, Ch. 3. 7. B). 7. Rāvana's unsuccessful
sacrifice (Supra, Ch. 3. 8, G), 8. Lava and Kusa's battle (Supra, Ch.
3. 9. D). 9. Performing of penances by Rāma and Sītā (Supra, Ch.
3. 9. E. V). 10. Son of Hanuman (Supra, Ch. 4. 2).
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(vii) Hikayata Mahārāja Rāvaṇa (popular story based on Serī Rāma):-
1. Wrecking of Dasaratha's litter (Supra. Ch. 3. 1. B). 2.
Rāma's success at the 'svayaṃvara' of Sītā in the presence of
various candidates (Supra, Ch.3.2. E). 4. Sons of Hanuman (Supra,
Ch. 4.2).
(vii) Serata Kanda of Jāvā (16th century A.D.):-1. Rāma's
success at the 'svayamvara' of Sitä in the presence of many candidates
(Supra, Ch. 3.2. E). 2. Son of Surpanakhā killed by Lakṣmaṇa
(Supra, Ch. 3.5. D). 3. Lava and Kusa's battle with Rāma (Supra,
Ch. 3.9.D). 4. Performing of penances by Rama and Sītā (Supra,
Ch 3.9.E.v).
(ix) Reäma Kera of Cambodia (16th cent. A.D.):-1. Rāma's
success among various candidates in stringing the bow (Supra, Ch.
3.2.E). 2. Lakṣmaṇa's association with the test of Rāma taken by
Sugrīva (Supra, Ch. 3.7.B). 3. Rāvaṇa's unsuccessful sacrifice (Supra,
Ch. 3.8.G). 4. Battle of Lava and Kusa with Rāma (Supra,
Ch. 3.9.D).
Son
(x) Rāma Kiyen of Syama (16th cent. A.D.):- 1. War-chariot
episode for the boon granted to Kaikeyi (Supra, Ch. 3.1. B). 2.
of Surpanakhā killed by Lakṣmaṇa (Supra, Ch. 3.5 B). 3. Procuring
of the water specially from Bharata for curing Lakṣmaṇa (Supra, Ch.
3.8.E). 4. Ravana's unsuccessful sacrifice (Supra, Ch. 3. 8. G).
5. Captivity of Vibhīṣaṇa at the hands of Ravana's son and his
rescuing, by Bharata and Satrughna (Supra, Ch. 3.9. E. v). 6,
