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Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)

Author: K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali

This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki’s version.

Page 304 of: Paumacariya (critical study)

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External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


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275
SOURCES, CONTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE OF PCV.
device of germinated seeds for testing the real Śrāvakas indicate that
the author of the PCV was well-informed of the episode that there
were some Śrāvakas who were wrong-faithed. Further the PCV does
not explain as to what was the significance of marking the real Śrävakas
with the Kākiṇīratna. In the VH these two points are in their
original form. Therein the real Śrāvakas are called Brāhmaṇas
(māhaṇas), because they did not cause injury to any living being.
Cakravartin Bharata took their test when he came to know that there
were some unreal Śrāvakas who posed themselves as real ones. Then
he marked the real Śrāvakas with the Kākiṇīratna as many times as
the sets of vows were observed by them. Our PCV has given a
fanciful mould to this point by telling us that Lord Rṣabha asked
Bharata not to beat the Srāvakas 'māhaṇa' hence, they were called.
Brāhmaṇas i. e. Māhaṇas.
In the story 'Origin of Animal Sacrifice' it is not mentioned as to
what sort of Aranyakas were being studied by Parvataka, Nārada and
Vasu, whether the Aryan or non-Aryan (Arya or Anārya ). It has been
left understood that they were studing Aryan Vedas. But one cannot
understand what were these Aryan and non-Aryan Vedas. Secondly it
is said that Rākṣasa Parvataka composed worng sastras for propagating
animal sacrifice. They were composed during the Tīrthakāla of
Munisuvratanātha (11. 39), but at 4.80 it is said in the story of the
'Origin of Brahmanas' that false Vedas and hymns advocating animal-
sacrifice would be composed after the Nirvāṇa of Lord Mahāvīra. This
is a contradiction. In the VH there is a systematic and well-planned
exposition of the subject which gives an impression of its originality.
It describes the 'Origin of Animal Sacrifice' under the 'Origin of
non-Aryan Vedas.' The story in its details gives a clear picture of
the cause of the origin of Anārya-Vedas and Animal sacrifice. Hence
the story in the PCV is a summary of the same given in the VH and
Vimalasūri has affected some changes in the story.
All these points establish that the Vasudevahiṇḍī belongs to a
period earlier than that of the Paumacariyam.
As discussed above, the Rama-story of VH is not followed by
Vimalaśuri, but the influence of VH is quite apparent on the PCV as we
shall discuss below. And if the Vasudevahiṇḍī is not an earlier composi-
tion then it is sure that both the works belong to a comtemporary
period and they might have a common source as regards the following
stories and features.
The motive of the whole theme and the planning of the Vasudeva-
hindi have resemblances with the Paumacariya�:�

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