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Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)

Author: K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali

This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki’s version.

Page 290 of: Paumacariya (critical study)

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External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)


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SOURCES, CCNTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE OF PCV. 261 only that but even the Ramopākhyāna and the first chapter of the .
Balakāṇḍa of VR itself (i.e. Ādi Rāmāyaṇa) refer to one boon only and
Kaikeyī demands two things on the strength of that single boon (See
Supra, Ch. 3 Sec. B).
The PCV mentions that Bharata's mother did not demand Rama's
exile. It is supported by the Dasaratha Jataka and Dasaratha Kathānam
(See Supra, Ch. 3 Sec. 3B).
It
The PCV mentions that Rāma preferred a voluntary exile.
is supported by the Anāmakam Jātaka (See Supra, Ch. 3 Sec. 3B).
The PCV does not mention any definite period of Rama's exile.
It is supported by the Anamakam Jātaka. Even in the Rāmopākhyāna,
Kaikeyi does not mention definite period of Rāma's exile (MB, 3.277.
26). It is at Lanka that the spirit of Dasaratha asks Rāma
return to Ayodhyā as the period of fourteen years has completed (MB,
3.291 29) (See Supra, Ch. 3 Sec. 3B).
to
The PCV unlike the VR does not refer to any spying work by
Rāvana's men. It is held that even in the VR it is a spurious por-
tion (Bulcke, p. 380).
The severing of the head of imaginary Rama, the duel between
Rāvaṇa and Sugrīva before the commencement of the battle are not
mentioned in the PCV. The same is the case with the Rāmopākhyāna
It is held that these two episodes did not form part of the Adi Rāmāyaṇa
also. They are later interpolations (Bulcke, p. 380; See Supra, Ch. 3
Sec. 8 A).
In the PCV Rāma is said to have lived for 17000 years while in
the VR for 11000 years.
But the Dasaratha Jātaka mentions that Rāma
lived for 16000 years.
Thus the reference in the PCV is to some extent
supported by the old tradition (See Supra, Ch. 3 Sec. 9. E. V).
The PCV refers to Hanumat's wives. In the whole of the VR
there is no mention that Hanumat was married. But at one place it is
said that Bharata offered 16 girls to Hanumat in marriage (VR, 6. 126.
44). Thus the account in the PCV has some traditional basis.
According to the PCV Hanumat, a Vānara scion was the son-in-law
of Sugrīva as well as of Rāvaṇa's sister. The Vānaras and the Rākṣasas
formed two branches of the Vidyadhara lineage. In the VR there is no
such reference but some scattered references in the VR and the
Mahabharata reveal that Sugrīva and Rāvaṇa were filially related (See
Infra, Vānaras under Ch. 10).

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