Essay name: Paumacariya (critical study)
Author:
K. R. Chandra
Affiliation: Research institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa Vaishali
This is a critical study of the Paumacariya: the earliest Jain version of Rama's life story, written in Prakrit by Vimalasuri dating to the 4th century AD. In this text, Rama (referred to as Padma) is depicted with lotus-like eyes and a blooming face. The Paumacariya places emphasis on the human aspects of characters rooted in Jain values, contrasting with the divine portrayal in Valmiki’s version.
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246
À CRÍTICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYA�
which are held to have originated at different dates. Our
Paumacariya� contains some such points which have their counter-
parts with slight variations either in the one or two versions of VR
exclusively. A critical examination of those points reveals that
Vimalasūri was influenced most probably by the (Northern-Udīcya)
recension of VR and in some cases the PCV seems to have counter-
influenced some versions of VR.
(a) Portions found exclusively in the Northern recension i. e. the
Udicyapātha or tha common recension of the N-W. and the Gauḍīya till they
were not separated into two different versions:
(i) The order of certain episodes in the Rävaṇa-Carita in both
the works is similar as follows:-PCV-Raising of Kailasa mountain
by Rāvaṇa, his discomfiture at the hands of Muni Vāli, the episode of
Ravana's hostility with the king of Maheśvara, the destruction of
the sacrifice of king Marutta, then many other episodes.
Udícya VR-Raising of Kailāśa, Rāvaṇa's encounter with the
king of Mäheśvara and Vāli, Rāvana's challenge to Marutta and
then many other episodes. (But in the Southern version, Rāvaṇa's
encouter with the king of Maheśvara and Vāli are narrated in the
last. (VRTP, 150).
(ii) PCV Preceding the exile of Vibhiṣaṇa from Laikā, Rāvana
in fury tries to have a duel with him (55.20). Udicya VR-Rāvaṇa in
fury kicks Vibhīṣaṇa (Gauḍīya, 6.87, N-W, 6.90=VRTP, 123.)
(iii) PCV :-After the killing of Hasta and Prahasta and the
recovery of Lakṣmaṇa, Rāvana is advised by his ministers to sign a
pact of Sandhi with Rāma (PCV, 65.7).
as
At one place Rāvana decides to give up Sītā but only after de-
feating Rāma so that he would not be regarded by the people
coward (69.29f). Before the commencement of the final battle
Mandodari requests Rāvana to give up Sītā because Lakṣmaṇa
is a Prativāsudeva and his (Rāvaṇa's) death is destined at the hands of
Lakṣmaṇa (70.8-37).
The above points bear similarity with those of the Udicya version
of the VR as follows:
Udicya VR-When Rāvana demands help from Kumbhakarna,
the latter says that he has come to learn from Nārada that his
(Rāvana's) assassination is being arranged at the hands of the Ava-
tāra of Visṇu. Nārada had learnt it at the meeting of the Devatās.
Kumbhakarna further tells that Rāma has come here to kill us all,
so we should sign a pact of Sandhi with him (Gauḍīya, 6-40; N-W, 6,41).
