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The old temple at Kasara or Kasra* has three shrines dedicated to Siva, Visnu and Brhama grouped round a central hall or mandapa on its N. W. and South sides.22 The front porch, that formed the entrance from the east side, has entirely disappeared, and the whole building which was properly covered with sculpture, has been badly battered and injured. Almost every figure on the walls have been defacted. It is not of great size; the central Mandpa is only about 3.01 ms. square or 4 ms. to 4.1 ms. over the pillars that support its roof; and this is about the same as the Sunak temple, so that the arrangement of the pillars is exactly the same. Behind the two middle pillars in front of each shrine, and only 0.2 m. from them, is a second pair and beyond them the entrances into the shrines. These face east, north and south; and the door ways 28 are all of one pattern. but the shrines belong to different divinities. On the central door, belonging to west cella the figures are all Saiva; those on the North one are Vaisnava; whilst those on the South belong to Brhama these being the divinities of the Hindu Trimurti or triod. The original images have been taken out of the sancta; but one of them that of Visnu-lies outside, battered and broken. 21/1. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat p. 90. 21/2. Ibid plt. VIII. *About 22.14 Kms. to N-W from Patan. 22. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat p. 105-107 Plts. LXXX, Im; Pit, XI. Here Fig. 22. 23. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat Plt. XCII, 1-6.

Structural Temples of the Caulukyan Period 105 in two 24. In the North and South cells are Vedis or asanas for images, but in the west or central one there is not, and it probably was occupied by the Lingam or emblem of Siva. In the West cell there are now two white marble figures of Surya.25 On the outer walls of these cells the figures in the principal niches correspond with those of the doorways. The central hall, surrounded by twelve pillars all standing on the low screen that encloses it, has a double architrave resting on the lintel that lie over the bracket capitals of the pillars; and as at Sunak it is the second that forms the regular octagon on which the dome rises in concentric circles of plain leaf mouldings, round the outer edges of which depend serrated fringes or drops. A lotus pendant hangs from the apex of the dome 26 The pillars are all of one pattern, the ornamentation on the shaft naturally reminds one of the pillars in some of the Brahmanical caves at Elora, but the bracket capital carved with four armed dwarfs differentiates them, and closer comparision makes it manifest that there is no indication here of relative age. This Kasara temple and that of Sunak are of the same period, and they can scarcely differ in age by more than fifty years from the Delmal and Modhera temples; the pillars on the screen wall of the Chauri in the latter, 27 are of the same style as here-but they alone would a safe guide, and we have to take into account the of the structure. The curves of the Sikhara are much the same as those on the Sunak temple, and the arrangement of the plan and roof of the Mandapa is quite the same. 24. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat Plt. XI, XCII-7. 25. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat Plt. LXXXVIII, figs. 4 & 5 26. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat p. 17. scarcely be whole style 27. Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat P. 107: Pits: LXXXVIII-LXXXIX, 3; VII, VIII, LIII. LXXXV.

106 The Structural Temples of Gujarat The larger of the two shrines at Sander, an old temple in the vicinity of Hingolaji Mata temple at Khandosan, the triple shrine at Parabadi and the temples of Kanoda, Gorada and Chaubari and Harasatmata and Nilkantha Mahadeva temple at Miani from the style of fragment preserved are to be affiliated to the Sunak group and so are to be assigned preferable towards the close of the 10 th century A. D.28