Essay name: Temples of Purushottama Kshetra Puri
Author:
Ratnakar Mohapatra
Affiliation: Sambalpur University / Department of History
This essay studies the Temples of Purushottama Kshetra (Puri) which is renowned for its historic and religious significance, situated in Orissa (Odisha) by the Bay of Bengal. Purusottama-ksetra is famous for the Lord Jagannatha temple and numerous smaller temples, it showcases the distinctive Kalinga architectural style.
Chapter 2 - Characteristics features of Orissan Temples
33 (of 60)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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the dvārapāḷas. But in later temples the figures of these river goddesses do not appear in the same places. The näga figures holding foliated vases with canopies of snake hoods are depicted by side of the dvärapāḷas in the mukhaśāḷ� of the Śiśireśvara temple. This feature seems to have been borrowed from the Lalitagiri door-frame. In later temples occasionally male and female figures are depicted within niches at the bottom of the jambs. The gelbãi design occurs on the doorframes of temples. C.L. Fabri describes these designs as "the most attractive and original specially of Orissan decorative art". 87 The image of Gaja-Lakṣmi is normally carved on the centre of the doorway lintel, but in some temples either Ganesa or Lākuliśa takes the place of Gaja-Lakṣmi. The figures of navagrahas are carved on the architrave above the doorway lintels of the most of temples. Other Decorative Designs: Besides the above decorative elements, other designs have also been used for the purpose of the decoration of walls of the Orissan temples. Of these, the architectural designs such as pidhā mundis (miniature representation of pidhā deuḷas) and khākharā muṇḍis (miniature representation of khākharā temples) decorate the subsidiary pagas on the upper and lower jänghas of both the rekhā and pidhā deuḷas respectively. In some (rare) temples we also notice the rekhā mundis (miniature representation of rekha deuḷas) as the decorative elements of the bāḍa. These are the standard decorations for the later temples. The niches of these designs house pārsvadevatās, various cult images, mithunas, couples in sexual position and other figures like dikpāḷas. The temples belonging to earlier phase also contains some other decorative designs such as jāli and jharāvaḷi, which are rarely found in later temples. Decoration with large rounded dots is very popular with the earlier temples like the Paraśurāmeśvara, Svarnajaḷeśvars, Vaitāḷa and Kuālo. Even if the dots occur in later temples, these are not as large in size as found in the above- mentioned earlier temples. b. Cult Images: The Cult-images rigidly follows canonical and iconographic injunctions. Most of these images were meant for regular worship, while others are shown on outer walls of the monuments. All these figures may be grouped accordingly to their religious affiliation and iconography. 55
