Essay name: Temples of Purushottama Kshetra Puri
Author:
Ratnakar Mohapatra
Affiliation: Sambalpur University / Department of History
This essay studies the Temples of Purushottama Kshetra (Puri) which is renowned for its historic and religious significance, situated in Orissa (Odisha) by the Bay of Bengal. Purusottama-ksetra is famous for the Lord Jagannatha temple and numerous smaller temples, it showcases the distinctive Kalinga architectural style.
Chapter 2 - Characteristics features of Orissan Temples
10 (of 60)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
In the triratha design, the rathas are generally flat but in other designs we notice a tendency towards roundness. Gandi or Sikhara.- The upper portion of the baranda is called gandi or sikhara. The bāḍa of the rekha deuḷa is surmounted by the curvilinear superstructure. Like the Nāgara Style temples of North India, the Orissan temples have curvilinear superstructure. It rises straight up to a certain height and then begins to curve inwards. The curve is more pronounced in latter temples. Like bāḍa, gaṇḍi or sikhara has offset projections called pagas (also rathas). These pagas create the optical impression of vertical lines or rekhās on the gandi. It is because of the prominence of the rekhās, the temples having sikharas became known as rekhā deuḷas or rekhā type temples. Being integral part of the gandi the projection curves inwards after rising straight upto a certain height. 24 The number of pagas on the gandi determine the order of the temple. One central paga or rāhā paga and two corner pagas or kanika pagas make the temple a triratha one. In the panca ratha temple the rāhāpaga is flanked by two intermediary pagas called anuratha pagas besides the kānika paga. In a sapta-ratha temple, the pagas are seven in number. The pagas on the either side of the rāhā are called anurāhā paga. In the nava-ratha temple, the pagas are nine in number. The pagas on between the kanika and anuratha are called pariratha pagas. The kanika paga is divided into several bhūmis (storeys) by miniature amalās called bhūmi amalās (ribbed discs). Each bhūmi (story) is further subdivided into a number of horizontal mouldings called bhūmi barāṇḍis. The earlier temples have five bhūmi divisions. With the increase of the height of the vimāna, the number increased to ten. 25 The variation in the number of bhūmi- barāṇḍis in different temples does not follow a regular sequence. The rāhā paga on the gandi of the rekhā deuḷa is always aligned with that of the bāḍa. During the Somavaṃsi period the pagas of the gandi and the rathas of baḍa became aligned.26 They extend vertically from the base of the bāḍa to the top of the gandi. The pagas terminate at the bisama (the topmost course of the gaṇḍi below beki). The bisama seals the top of the sikhara. It is only in later temples that the bisama partakes of the paga divisions of the gandi. The gandi of the temples built during the period of Somavaṃsi rule are found decorated with anga-sikharas (miniature rekhā deuḷas). The aṃga-śikharas is an important feature of the Candella temples of Central India. T.E. Donaldson has 32
