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Temples of Munnur (Historical Study)

by R. Muthuraman | 2016 | 67,784 words

Summary: This essay represents a historical study of the Temples in and around Munnur, situated in the Dakshina Kannada district in the state Karnataka (India). Munnur is regarded as an important religious city for the followers of both Shaivism and Vaishnavism. The ancient history of Munnur traces to the reign of the Chola, from whom the city derives it's name.

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Contents of this online book ( + / - )

The full text of the Temples of Munnur (Historical Study) in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book鈥檚 content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Acknowledgements

+ Chapter 1

. Introduction: History of Munnur Temples

. Munnur Topography

. Etymology of Munnur

. Antiquity of Munnur

. Sangam period

. The history of Kalabhras

. Pallava Period

. The Later Cholas

. History of Adavalleswarar temple

. Rajendra I (A.D. 1014-1044)

. Kulottunga II (A.D.1133-1150 A.D.)

. Rajaraja II (A.D. 1150-1163 A.D.)

. Rajadhiraja II (A.D. 1163-1178 A.D.)

. Kulottunga III (A.D.1178-1218 A.D.)

. Rajaraja III (A.D.1218-1256 A.D.)

. The Sambuvarayas

. Ammaiyappan Sri Pallavandon Rajanarayana Sambuvarayan

. The Kadavarayas

. Kadava Kopperunjinga II

. Second Pandya empire

. Gajapatis of Kalinga

. Vijayanagar Period

. History of Arulala Perumal Temple

. Second Pandya empire

. Gajapathis of Kalinga

. Vijayanagar period

+ Chapter 2

. Introduction: Munnur Society

. The establishment of Brahmin settlement in Tamil Country

. The temples as land lords and local treasures

. The Position and Royal Patronage of the Temple

. Brahmanas as religious heads and administrators

. Brahmanas as Government Officials

. Chathurvedi-mangalam the Brahmin settlements

. Temples as a place for various administrative officials

. Chathurvedi-mangalam and its administration

. The Kshatriyas, the ruling class of the Munnur society

. The ruler and his affairs

. The Trader (or) Merchandile Community (vaniyars)

. The Vellalas, the cultivators of Munnur society

. The Kammalas of the Munnur

. The Kaikolas of Munnur

. Other Communities of Munnur Social Strata

. The Status of Women in Munnur regions

. Temple as the maintenance of system

. Munnur temple as Court of Justice

. The Salai of Munnur as on Advanced Educational Institutions

. Munnur temples as the Public Record Offices

. Temples as Centers of Art and Culture

. Temples as an Employer

. Temple as Consumer

. The Mode of Payment

. Munnur Temple Act As Banks

. Munnur Temple as Feeding Centre

. Temples as student鈥檚 feuding centre

+ Chapter 3

. Introduction: Munnur Temple Economy

. Temple as an employment office

. Munnur temple Property

. Cultivation of Temple Lands

. Other obligations of the tenants

. Tax Remission as a source of temple economy

. Land Tax, the Economic resource of the Temple

. The Temple acted as a Seller and Purchaser of Village lands

. Livestock and Cattle donations

. Gift of Money/ Kasu

. Gold reserve of a Temple

. Present Income and Expenditure

+ Chapter 4

. Introduction: Architecture of the Temple

. Adavalleswarar or Adavalleeswarar Temple (Architecture)

. Madavarayan mandapa

. Tiruchutrumaligai (Cloister)

. Nataraja sabha

. Siddhi Vinayaga shrine

. Sri Sivasubrahamanya Shrine

. Vishveswarar Sub-shrine

. Sri Prakannayagi Amman Shrine

. Sri Kamatchi Amman Shrine

. Arulala Perumal Temple

. Thayar Shrine

+ Chapter 5

. Introduction: The Sculpture Art of the Munnur Temples

. Images of Daksinamurti

. Images of Brahma

. Images of Durga

. Images of the Saptamatrikas

. Images of Siddhi Vinayaka

. Images of Dvarapalas

. Images of Jeshta (Jyestha)

. Images of Bhairava

. Images of Subramanya

. Images of Chakrathalvar

. Images of Anjaneya

+ Chapter 6

. Introduction: Pujas and Festivals

. Kalasandhi or Kalasanthi puja

. Ucchikalam or Ucchikala puja

. Sayaratchai puja

. Arthajamam or Arthajama puja

. Naimittika Pujas

. Festivals (Introduction)

. Pradosha puja

. Krittika

. Chithirai-Varuda Pirappu (Tamil New Year Day鈥揂pril-May)

. Vaikasi Visaka (May-June)

. Ani Tirumanjanam (June-July)

. Adi Puram (July-August)

. Avani (Vinayaka Chaturti) (August - September)

. Navaratri

. Aippasi festival (October-November)

. Skanda Sashti

. Karthika festival (November-December)

. Margali Festival (December-January)

. Tai (January -February) festival Pongal

. Masi Magha (February-March)

. Panguni Uttitram (March-April)

. The Brahmotsavam Festival

. Kumbabhishegam Gestival

. Arulala Perumal temple daily Pujas

. Annual Festivals

+ Chapter 7

. Administration of Munnur Temples (Introduction)

. Royal Visit to Temples

. Provincial Administration

. Role of Village Assemblies

. Sabha (assembly of the Brahmin village)

. Nadu

. Nagaram

. Functionaries of Management

. Sivabrahmanas

. Potters and Washermen

. Garden Keepers and Garland Makers

. Administrative Functionaires

. Present Day Administration

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Last Updated: 15 December, 2022

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