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Social Folk customs of the Sonowal and Thengal Kacharis

by Suravi Gohain Duwarah | 2022 | 50,902 words

This essay studies the customs and folk traditions of the Sonowal and Thengal Kacharis of Assam—both of Mongoloid origin and part of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic family. These tribes possess rich customs, traditions, and oral histories. This study explores the similarities and differences between the Sonowal and Thengal Kachari tribes by emphasizin...

Glossary

Aai � Goddess

Aathmongola � A ritual of marriage

Agoli kolpaat � Plantain leaf

Ahin � Assamese calendrical month

Ahot paat � Peepul leaf

Akhoi guri � Powder of parched rice

Akhoi phutua � Process of preparing the parched rice

Akhoi � Parched rice

Akon � Swallow wart

Alokhoni � Kind of witch/spirit which disturbs the bowl

Alua rangar kukura � Red hen

Anguli Pitha � A type of traditional rice cake of the shape of a finger

Aunipaan � Type of betel creeper

Baghdhekia � A type of fern

Bam meteka � A type of hyacinth

Banshas � Lineage

Barik � Headman among 20 household of a village

Basare basare barhi ja � As years roll on let the growth take place

Bastra � Cloth

Basumati � Mother Earth

Bati � Bowl

Batolu guti � Clay pellet/Small Earthen ball

Bator jeng bipod apod dur houk � Let the unseen hurdles in life be removed

Bei � Place of bathing the bride or the groom

Bel paat � Leaves of a wood apple

Betgaj � Cane shoot

Betupaat � Kind of leaf

Bez � A person who does magico-religious treatment

Bhakats � Devotee of God

Bhapot diya sawal � Steamed rice

Bhar � Load

Bhat dimoru guti � Seed of a tree

Bhimkol � A variety of banana

Bhoral � Barn

Bhujoni � Eatables offered on special occasions

Bihu � A traditional festival of the Assamese society celebrated by all caste and communities living in Assam

Biya naam � Marriage songs

Bogori jeng � Twigs and branches of thorny plum plant

Bohaag � First month of Assamese calendrical year

Bon Debota � God of the Jungle

Bhoot jora mantro � Magical charms for chasing ghosts

Bor tengesi � A sour plant

Bora chawal � A variety of rice (usually sticky)

Borghor � Main house in a traditional Assamese house

Borpitha � Traditional Assamese rice cake

Borsaang � A bamboo structure hang above the fireplace in the kitchen

Bos � A type of herb

Brahmi � A type of herb

Chadar � A cloth used as a dress of woman

Changi � Bamboo frame used for carrying the corpse

Cheleng Chador � A traditional piece of cloth

Choitra � An Assamese calendrical month

Choraghor � Outside sitting room

Choru � Utensil used for cooking

Da � Chopping sword

Dhari � Traditional mat

Dheki thura � Pestle

Dheki Xal � Shed where the pounding pedal is kept

Dheki � Pounding Pedal

Dhip � Earthen mound

Dhol � Traditional drum

Dhuliya bheti � An open ground where bihu dance is performed

Dhup � A type of ball made from cloth

Doha � Death ritual observed on the 10th day

Dola/Kula � Tray like rounded wicker work used for keeping paddy

Dubori bon � Kind of grass

Dul � Thread with magical charms

Dula � Palanquin

Dung � Vessel made of banana sheath

Dunori � A basket made of bamboo

Dupor tenga � A kind of acidic herb

Ekhetiya � Dress of woman

Era guti � Castor seed

Gamusa � Traditional Assamese towel

Garu � Pillow

Gathiyon � A kind of aromatic medicinal plant

Gayon Bayan � A group of folk singers usually performed during rituals and special occasions

Ghai � The centre pole

Ghatuyoi � Ferryman

Ghila pitha � A variety of rice cake

Ghila � Seed of Sea Bean (disc shaped seed of a plant)

Ghoti � Brass pot

Gor � Piece of log

Gorokhiya � A boy who looks after the cowherds

Goru bihu � First day of Bihu where cow is worshipped

Goru � Cow/Bull

Gosa � A stand for placing the lamp

Guhali � Cowshed

Gur � Molasses

Guriyal � Leader

Gutung sula � Traditional shirt of Sonowal Kachari male

Gyati kharidiya � Custom of putting fire wood into the burning pyre of a dead by kith and kins and people present in the cremation ground

Gyati � Kinsman

Halodhi � Turmeric

Hamuk � Snail

Hasoti � A small piece of cloth used of tying betel nut

Hauguri Tula � Customs of marriage

Hedali � A hurdle or network of split bamboo used as a shelf

Heta � A ladle

Hetamari � A ladle

Hijua kol � Boilded banana

Hogphul � Type of flower

Juit pori nomoribi � Not to die by burning

Hukan masor hukoti � Powder of dried fish

Hukan puthimas � A variety of dried fish

Hukloti � A type of herb

Ikora � A variety of reed

Jakoi � A type of bamboo instrument used for catching fish

Jalor tukura � Piece of fishing net

Jamuk gos � Blackberry tree

Jamuk kath � Blackberry wood

Jamuk � Blackberry fruit

Janoni Diya � Information

Japi � Wicker hat serving as an umbrella

Jara-phuka � Magical charms

Jathi-jung � Spear and bamboo weapon

Jeura � Fencing made of bamboo

Joha chawal � Variety of aromatic rice

Jori paat � Banyan leaf

Jujona � Prelude of a bihu song

Jur � Lighted torch

Kaaj � Death ritual observed on the eleventh/ thirteenth/ one month

Kahi � Dish

Karmi � Workers

Kati � An Assamese calendrical month

Kehraj � A type of herb

Kerahi � Pan

Kesa mythoi � Unbaked rice flour balls

Kesa pithaguri � Unbaked rice flour

Kesheru � A type of tree

Khaji � Eatables collected from the jungle

Khar � Traditional alkaline water

Kharahi � A type of bamboo basket

Kharika � Split bamboo piece

Khel � Clan

Kheror jumuthi � Lighted braided wisp of straw

Khoniya Kapur � Traditional cloth

Khorom � Slippers made from wood

Khuba Khubuni � A ritual during marriage function

Khuliya � A person who plays the music instrument known as ‘Khul�

Khundana � Small mortar for pounding things

Koldil � Spadix of banana

Kolosi � A vessel made from brass

Kona himolu � A type of herb

Konai � A ritual in puberty ceremony

Koni Junj � A traditional game of hitting eggs of duck or hen during Bohag bihu

Kopah � Cotton

Kopou � Dove

Korkora bhat � Rice of the previous night

Korobi � A kind of flower

Kosu jaal � Custom of feeding the mother with taro leaves, peeper, fish or meat cooked together after the birth of a child

Kosu � Taro plant

Kotari � Knife

Koupat � A type of leaf

Kukur Xuta � Kind of wood

Kukura junj � Kind of traditional game (Cock fight)

Kukura petu � Entrails of a hen

Kumura � A Gourd variety

Lakhimi ona � Custom of bringing the paddy to the house

Lakhimi Singa � Custom related to harvesting

Lakhuti � Walking stick

Lau kha benega kha � Have gourd and brinjals

Luka Luki � Hide and seek (A Folk game)

Maah Prasad � Offerings to a diety

Maan daan � Custom of gifting different items during marriage

Maar hour baper hour � Both mother and father are small in size

Maas-bhat sua � A custom related to death where meal is served with fish

Mahalaya � The day which heralds the advent of Goddess Durga to the earth

Mahudi lota � A kind of herb

Mala gatha � Process of making a garland

Manda � A sword used for sacrificing

Maral � Design made with rice powder

Maralghor � Inner apartment of a house

Mati Kanduri � A type of herb

Mejenga � A type of herb

Mekhela � Dress worn by woman in the lower part of the body

Mera bhat � Fermented rice used for making rice beer

Mesaki � A type of herb

Methoni � Piece of cloth tied around the breast of a woman

Mogu � A bean variety

Mola � Round small earthen vessel

Mridongiya � Use of a particular musical instrument called �Mridanga�

Mukh loga mantro � Magical charms to get rid of evil eyes

Mukhagni � Custom performed during cremation of a dead

Mukhloga � Influence of evil eyes

Naam kirtan � Group of devotees of God perform naam or prayers to God

Na-guj-lua � Custom practiced before the cultivation work starts

Nai � Umbilical chord

Na-Purush � Ancestors upto ninth generation

Narji � Marigold

Nephaphu � A type of herb

Nimakh � Salt

Nolsunga � A type of reed can

Nolor sungare dusunga � Two tubes measured by reed can

Norohingho � A kind of medicinal plant

Nuai Tuloni biya � Ceremony of puberty rites of a girl child

Omora � Hog plum tree

Ou tenga � Elephant apple

Oza � Man who cures ailments by incantation

Panipota � Eaves drop

Panit pori nomoribi � Not to die by drowning

Patidoi � Type of reed

Patot diya pitha � A type of traditional rice cake wrapped in banana leaf

Pengeri lata � A type of creeper herb

Pepa � Traditional musical instrument

Pera � Wooden box

Petu � Entrails

Phalguna � An Assamese calendrical month

Pinda � Oblation to the deceased person

Pira � Wooden stool

Pithaguri � Rice flour

Pitika � Mashed eatables

Pokhoru tung � Lining of the cloth in which betel nut is carried

Poroli � Covering made of grass or thatch

Pota guti � A stone used for crushing eatables

Pujari � Priest

Pura kol � A banana variety usually used as vegetable

Randhoni � Cook

Randhoni ghor � Kitchen

Rans � Reed of an Assamese loom

Robab Tenga � A Citrus fruit variety

Robha � Temporary roof for celebration

Rohi mod � A variety of rice beer

Sabah � Holy rituals

Sai � Ash

Saki � Earthen lamp

Sakson � Kind of insect

Sal � Place of worship

Sandoh � Coarse powder of parched rice

Sasthi � The sixth day of Durga puja

Sati � Umbrella

Sengeli maas � A type of fish

Sesu � A sharp split piece of bamboo

Sesur � A type of tree

Sewa bhat � Steamed rice

Shakti � Power

Sua � Impurity

Suddhi Sabah � Purification ceremony

Sunga Sawal � Steamed rice made in bamboo can

Sutal � Courtyard

Tabiz � Amulet

Tamul gos � Betel nut tree

Tamul paan � Betel nut and leaf

Tang guti � A kind of folk game

Tel pitha � A variety of rice cake

Thereju � A type of fruit

Thuriya Tamul � Rolled up betel nut in betel leaf

Til � Sesame

Tilani � Death ritual observed on the 3rd day

Tiphai � Altar

Tithi � Anniversary

Toi hobi bor bor goru � You grow to be a huge cow

Tolxora mod � A variety of rice beer

Tomal � Bamboo split used for tying bundle of paddy

Tongloti paat � A type of leaf

Tora � Kind of wild cardamon plant

Tora pogha � A rope prepared from a tora plant to tie cattle

Tum � A type of bamboo basket

Tupula bondha � Custom of wrapping betel nut and leaf for a sacred purpose

Ulu kher � A type of reed

Uposthar � Male organ

Uroni � Tradition of covering the head of a woman with a cloth

Uruli � Shrilling sound made by woman in some rituals

Vijaya Dashami � Tenth Day of Durga puja

Xalita � Cotton used for lightning earthen lamp

Xanti Jal � Purified water

Xarana � Initiation into a particular religious faith

Xarkota bon � Kind of grass

Xereka � Traditional rice beer of Thengal Kacharis

Xilikha � Terminalia Chebulla fruit

Xohoya bon � Kind of grass

Xorai � Tray mounted on a base

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