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Rivers in Ancient India (study)

by Archana Sarma | 2019 | 49,356 words

This page relates ‘Introduction to Samhita literature� of the study on the rivers in ancient India as reflected in the Vedic and Puranic texts. These pages dicsusses the elements of nature and the importance of rivers (Nadi) in Vedic and Puranic society. Distinctive traits of rivers are investigated from descriptions found in the Vedas (Samhitas), Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads and Puranas. The research is concluded by showing changing trends of rivers from ancient to modern times.

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Introduction to ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå literature

³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå literally means ‘put together, joined, unionâ€�, a ‘collectionâ€�, and ‘a methodically rule-based combination of texts or verses. ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå also refers to the most ancient layer of text in the Vedas, consisting of mantras, hymns, prayers, litanies and benedictions. ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå means collection or collection of mantras.[1]

In the ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå literature, rivers played an important role. The rivers are worshipped as god and goddess in the ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå literature.Waters and the rivers are referred with great respect in the ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå literature. So many rivers are found in the different ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄås like á¹»¶»å±¹±ð»å²¹²õ²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå, ³ÕÄåÂá²¹²õ²¹²Ô±ð²âÄ«²õ²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå and ´¡³Ù³ó²¹°ù±¹²¹±¹±ð»å²¹²õ²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå. The following rivers are described in the various ³§²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄås of the Vedas—The ³§²¹°ù²¹²õ±¹²¹³ÙÄ«, the Sindhu, the ³Û²¹³¾³Ü²ÔÄå, the ³Ò²¹á¹…gÄå, the ³Õ¾±±èÄåÅ›Äå, the Åš³Ü³Ù³Ü»å°ùÄ«, the Sarayu and so on. Among them, more emphasis is given on the river ³§²¹°ù²¹²õ±¹²¹³ÙÄ«.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Williams, M., Sanskrit-English Dictionary, p. 1123

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