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The art of sculpture flourished under the royal patrons of art as
can be witnessed from some of their masterpieces in Mah膩balipuram,
K膩帽c墨puram, Citambaram, T膩nj膩v奴r, Maturai, and Tirunelv膿li and in
few other places in South India. Music developed as an art and a science
to a great extent. Kings and Princes themselves were masters of it. Music
had become the handmaid of religion, and religious hymns came to be
sung.
The dancing Siva became the favourite subject of the sculptors.
Naturally in any panel illustrating His dance, we recognize many
musical instruments played by His attendants. His 'personal staff' the
'Ga峁嘺s' is seen participating in their Master's performance. The pot-
shaped drum kept vertically and played, the flute, the cymbals, the lute
are the instruments that ganas play upon.
Tatakai is a form of small kettledrum. We find the five-faced drum
called Pa帽camuka-v膩dyam still in use in the temple in Tiruv膩r奴r. In this
connection the three-faced drum is found depicted in many sculptures.
There are musical pillars and musical steps, not to mention a stone
N膩dasvaram, producing a shrill volume of sound. This introduction to
musical resonance on stone is the specific feature of this period as is
found in the pillars many of the temples. A study of them reveals that
the sculptors or whoever was responsible in erecting the structure of the
pillars were masters of the knowledge of 艢rutis.