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Till the beginning of 20th century, V墨峁嚹� was a accompanying
instrument for all vocal concerts. There were accomplished artistes who
could play the instruments keeping it vertically but more commonly it is
kept horizontally, giving it an elevation by keeping one side on the lap.
2.16.8 The Y膩zh:
The y膩zh is one of the most ancient instruments that were prevalent
in Tamiln膩岣島. It was used as a primary instrument and also as an
accompaniment to vocal music. When the fretted V墨峁嚹� emerged, the
y膩zh slowly receded to the background.
During the time of M膩峁噄ckav膩cagar, the V墨峁嚹� and the y膩zh were
both in vogue. This is proved from that y膩zh in the statement "Innisai
v墨峁嚹乮yar y膩zhinar orup膩l" in the Tirupalli yezhuchi of Tiruvemb膩vai.
Appar (7th century A.D.) also refers to the V墨峁嚹� in his hymn
"M膩sil V墨峁嚹乮yum". Tirunilakantha y膩zhp膩nar provided the y膩zh
accompaniment to the sacred hymns that flowed as devotional
outpourings from the mouth of Tirugn膩na Sambandar.
Reasons for the name - Y膩zh
Since the tip of the Dandi or the stem of this instrument was
carved into the head of the weird animal Y膩li (vy膩la in Sanskrit), it was
named y膩zh. (In this connection it may be mentioned that the
instrument 'Tavus' with the peacock-shaped resonator is called m膩yuri,
or mayil V膩dyam. Likewise the instrument "Svar膩bath "with the
headpiece carved into the shape of a parrot is called Kili m奴ku V膩dyam.
The head-piece of the y膩zh at the tip of the Dandi is retained even now
as the head-piece in the V墨峁嚹�.
The Yazh was played with the fingers of both the hands. It was
tuned to a particular scale. Other scales were played on it by the shift of
the tonic note or by retuning the particular strings. Thus the y膩zh may
be said to be the precursor of the later Eka R膩ga Mela V墨峁嚹�.