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The simplest form of drum that was used in early times was just
earthen pots used for cooking and storing grains covered with hide. The
Ghatam, the South Indian concert instrument is of the same variety. As
life pattern changed over the years, the instruments too underwent
changes. Sometimes the name of the particular instrument got changed
or different instruments were called by a single common name.
We come across various external evidences from text on music,
general literature, folklore, epigraphic records, sculptures, relief's,
paintings, temple carvings and miniatures on the guidelines for the
structure of an instruments, its playing position and the occasion for its
use, from region to region. The older an instrument (historically) the
closer is its relation to the daily life of man. Specialization and
improvisation are of later developments.
In the primitive stage, man used materials readily available for
making music. Sticks, pots, bones, animal horns and shells were used
initially. In the Iron Age bells came into existence. Bells have an
important place in Indian culture. Temple bells as also Church bells are
significant of the respective cultures.
Bells were used for rituals, while Gongs were used for frightening
the wild animals during travel through forest. Ankle bells, of various
shapes and sizes also constitute to idiophone instrument variety. Nupur
or Gunghur奴 or Gejjai is very popular even today among women
especially dancers. In fact, Gejja P奴j膩 or Salangai P奴j膩 is a very
important function for a young dancer before her first performance - i.e.
arangetram. In Kathak, the high-speed artistic modulations of this anklet
or Gunghuru with the Tabla is highly appreciated and also plates like
cymbals are struck against each other to produce Rhythmic beats, which
we may find even today in the hands of beggars.