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This Kuttu is mainly known as three: Prabandham Kuttu, Nanngiar Kuttu, and Kutiyattam. Kutiyattam has been dealt with in the previous section. Usually Cakyar artists use Kuttu for the propagation of Bhakti, advice for the people in moral codes and for the criticism of social evils through. humorous narration. In Prabandham Kuttu they use short Sanskrit campus written on epic and puranic themes. Since a single Cakyar is acting in Prabandham Kuttu it is called Cakyar Kuttu also. Sometimes, Nannyar the wife of Nambyar presents the Kuttu. It is called Nannyar Kuttu. The subject matter of Nammyar Kuttu is the tenth Skanda of Bhagavata Purana. Kuttu is also divided into three on the basis. of presentation on the stage namely Atiyantarakuttu, Vazhivadukuttu and Kazhchakkuttu. These were patronized by the rulers of Tranvancore, Kochi

192 and Malabar regions and arrangements were made for the presentation of 40 Kuttu in some prominent temples of these areas. Particular Cakyar families were appointed for enacting Kuttu in places (temples) assigned to them. This is called Atiyantira Kuttu. Kottiyur Siva temple (Kannur Devi temple (Malappuram), district), Tirumandhamkunnu and Vatakkumnatha temple (Thrissur) follow this system even today. For the blessing of the deity if a devotee presents or sponsors this art it is called Vazhivadukuttu For eg: Mattavilasam Kuttu and Anguliyankam Kuttu in the Kottiyur temple comes in this category. If Kuttu is performed only for the appreciation of audience, it is called Kazhcha Kuttu. This type of Kuttu is very popular today.* 41 Tradition says that there were eighteen families who practiced Kuttu. But now only seven families of Cakyars, namely Pothiyil, Cheriyaparisha, Valiya Parisha, Ammannur, Kuttenchery, Koypa, and Mani are active in this field. Kuttanchery Eravichakyar and the poet Melpathur Narayanabhattathiri modified this art form in the 18th century. There has been great revival of in these art forms in the 20th century. Kuttu and Kutiyattam are also taught in Keralakalamandalam, Cheruthuruthy. Today Kuttu and Kutiyattam are presented even outside the country. Paimkulam Valiya Ramacakyar (1905-1980) was the first artist who 42 presented Kutiyattam outside the temple." Nannyar Kuttu is also

193 presented outside the temple today. Young artists present new themes in this field. Margi Sathi is the first lady who presented 'Sriramacarita' on the basis of Ramayana in this manner. Then Usha Nannyar also wrote and presented 'Draupadi' in 2008. Education of Kuttu and Kutiyattam have similarities. The knowledge and skill in Sanskrit and Malayalam is the life of the Kuttu performances. For a person who wants to learn Sanskrit and its narrative literature, attending the Prabhatham Kuttu is a valuable source of education. However little he knows about the Itihasas and Puranas, he can develop his knowledge by the information about the ancient myths, customs, heroes and legends gathered from the eloquence of the performing Cakyar. The actor speaks Malayalam often in a dramatic style with full of dialogues and humerous comments. The listerner's capacity to appreciate poetry and various styles of presentation are enchanced. The hearer of the Cakyar Kuttu gets extra vocabulary and extra images, beautifully compounded words and charming metaphorical expressions, which comes naturally to a skilled performer. This education through enjoyment is what happens during the Cakyar Kuttu.