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In ancient India the craftsman helped by his family was the basis of all industry. The state owned mines, spinning and weaving establishments and workshops for military equipments and weapons. Each craft and trade occupied a separate street in the bazaar. The workshops, stalls and homes of artisans were all situated here. Worker's cooperative carried out large scale enterprises such as building houses and temples. Guilds

148 played an important role in the national economy and the growth of the trade castes. It existed in every big town and included all trades and occupations. Like modern trade unions guilds united individual workers and craftsmen, into a corporate body. The guild framed rules for hours of work and wages, helped to control prices of their products and maintain high standards of workmanship preserved and developed occupational skills and had judicial rights over their members. In this guild people came from different places for various purposes, for purchasing or selling products in the temporary stalls. People of various places stayed there for many days. So they got opportunity to mingle with others and speak about trade, politics, life, religion etc. In these way, through these sharing, they got educated in many things. In the ancient Indian society apprenticeship under the guild was also very popular by which young man learned skills in various professions. The knowledge of the various languages of men might not have meant more than a slight acquaintance with the speech of foreigners with whom trade brought into touch. Thus the commercial education of the young meant that he would learn something from his father and the businessmen around in the actual course of business. 42