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The word 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补 is composed of 厂惫腻+补诲丑测腻测补. 厂惫腻 means one鈥檚 own self. 础诲丑测腻测补 means lesson or chapter reading. Therefore, it means one鈥檚 own reading lesson.

In other words, the word 厂惫腻 means one鈥檚 own self and 顿丑测腻测补 means meditating on. The root of 础诲丑测腻测补 and 顿丑测腻测补 is from 鈥�Dhyai鈥� which means 鈥渢hink of, imagine, contemplate, meditation^[1]. Therefore it literary means 鈥榯o study one鈥檚 own self.

The term 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补 was explained in number of ways in the scriptures. Some authorities mentioned that only reciting, repeating and rehearsing of Vedic text was the 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补. But the 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 pointed out the efficacy of 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补. The 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 mentions that it was the 叠谤补丑尘补测补箩帽补^[2]. Through the 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补 of Vedas a person can achieve eternal or imperishable fame. It is also pointed out that by regular self study of Vedas an individual becomes lover of the Vedas. He becomes self satisfied and never depended upon any one. He enjoys sound sleep. He becomes perfect physician of the soul and he also gains the control over senses. His power of concentration, intellect and comprehension increases. He goes on developing his intellect and succeeds in discharging the obligation of his religion^[3].

The 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 refers that it is the greatest 罢补辫补蝉测腻^[4].The 膧辫补蝉迟补尘产补 顿丑补谤尘补蝉奴迟谤补 states 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补 is a form of Tapas^[5]. Because through the 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补 a man acquires proficiency in the 艢腻蝉迟谤补蝉 and he becomes successful in his life^[6]. That is why, the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 states that 鈥�惫别诲补峁� ca nitya艣a岣�鈥� that means one should study the Vedas daily^[7].

For this 厂惫腻诲丑测腻测补 or self study, the 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲蝉 give three steps of learning i.e., 艢谤补惫补峁嘺, Manana and 狈颈诲颈诲丑测腻蝉补苍补^[8].Through this students first studiously listen the words of the preceptor, after that they understand the meaning of the mantras with proper recitation and ultimately realized the metaphysical truths of the instructions through his own experience and contemplation. Like that the Buddhist scriptures also mention three steps of learning viz., 艢谤耻迟补, 颁颈苍迟腻 and 叠丑腻惫补苍腻^[9]. These three steps are equivalent to 艢谤补惫补峁嘺, Manana and 狈颈诲颈诲丑测腻蝉补苍补. Because these steps also signify that the students first read the portion of the scriptures, then understand the instruction and ultimately absorb the meaning of the text through their own experience. During the age the teachers always encouraged their students that they had to daily practice their instruction for the realization of ultimate knowledge of the truth. In the 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲^[10] we find that 痴补谤耻峁嘺 after giving his son 叠丑峁沢耻 the outline of divine knowledge instructed him to realize it through the continuous self realization. 叠丑峁沢耻 adopting this method gained the real knowledge after four years. In the C膩ndogya 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲^[11] we also find that 础谤耻峁噄 also gave the similar instructions to his son.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary,P 521,1277.

[2]:

厂惫腻dhy膩yo vai 产谤补丑尘补测补箩帽补岣� |艢补迟补辫补迟丑补 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 11.5.6.3.

[3]:

艢补迟补辫补迟丑补 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 VII.1.

[4]:

Ved膩bhy膩so hi viprasya 迟补辫补岣� paramihocayate|| 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 II.166.

[5]:

迟补辫补岣� sv膩dhy膩ya iti br膩hma峁嘺m || 膧p.Ds.I.4.12.1.

[6]:

驰补迟丑腻 yath膩 hi 辫耻谤耻峁�a岣� 艣腻迟谤补峁� samadhigacchati| 迟补迟丑腻 迟补迟丑腻 惫颈箩腻苍腻迟颈 vij帽ana帽c膩sya rocate||惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 IV.17-20.

[7]:

惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 Anu.104.39.

[8]:

膧迟尘腻 va are dra峁ａ弓abhya岣� srotabhyo mantabhyo nididhy膩sitavyo maitreyy膩tmano va are dar艣anena srava峁噀na maty膩 bija帽膩neneda峁� 蝉补谤惫补峁� 惫颈诲颈迟补峁� ||B峁沨ad膩ra峁噛aka 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲 II.4.5.

[9]:

Das, S.K The Educational system of the ancient Hindus,Ryan Publishing House, New Delhi,1996.P.178.

[10]:

罢补辫补蝉腻 brahma vijij帽膩sasva |tapo brahmeti |sa tapohatapyate|罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲 III.2.

[11]:

Ch膩ndogya 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲 VI.