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鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 was the final ordination in Buddhist system. It was equivalent to 厂补尘腻惫补谤迟补苍补 ceremony. But the philosophies behind the 厂补尘腻惫补谤迟补苍补 and 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 were however different. The former was termination of formal education for entry in to the second cycle of 颁补迟奴谤腻蝉谤补尘 i.e., family life, while the later was the termination of formal education for admission in to the Order as a full fledged Monk. The 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 exercised lifelong binding upon the Monk. But the 厂补尘腻惫补谤迟补苍补 not give any binding upon the 叠谤补丑尘补肠腻谤颈. The Brahmanical education adduces the example of lifelong 叠谤补丑尘补肠腻谤颈 (Nasi峁ａ弓hiksa); but they are few and far between. If anyone not likes to continue his education, then after the Convocation ceremony he was able to enter in to the family life. But Buddhists on the other hand, impose lifelong restriction upon the Monks. If woman too were admitted to the Order of Monkhood, this discipline was imposed upon them as well. But if any Monk wanted to withdraw himself from the 厂补峁僩丑补, the procedure was simple and easy. Any Monk under the circumstances of breaking the solemn pledge or falling a victim to worldly temptation was liable to expelled from the Holly order for life time. He had to make a declaration of his weakness before a witness not necessarily a Monk^[1].

Age:

A person between fifteen and twenty years of age could perform the final ordination or 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻. Because the period between the two ordination was not continued beyond the twentieth year of the postulant. But in case of the postulant being previously a member of another monastic Order, then the period of novitiate was however reduced to four months^[2].

Eligibility for the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻:

The Buddhist Monastery was open to all courses and not merely to the three twice born. But in case of 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 or final ordination, then after go through the Pabbaja ceremony, a person was allowed to perform 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ceremony. But in case he was suffered from diseases, have serious moral defects and confirmed criminals, shameless person, then he was not allowed to performed the final ordination^[3].

The Ceremonies:

After the twelve years of education, a novice was allowed to perform the final ordination. He was now learned competent 产丑颈办峁�u, who had completed twelve years of education. So he must enter in to the 厂补峁僩丑补 as full fledged Monk to continue his education. The 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 was performed before the entire 蝉补峁僩丑补. The procedure of this final ordination was laid down as follows: During the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ceremony a ten special members of assemblies were convened. When this assembly gives the permission then the actual ceremony was started. First the individual teacher presented the student before the house and prayed for 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻^[4] : 鈥淟et the 厂补峁僩丑补, reverend Sirs, hear me. N.N. desires to receive the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination from venerable N.N (i.e. with the venerable N.N. as his 鲍辫补箩箩补丑腻测补); he has been instructed by me. If the 厂补峁僩丑补 is ready, let N.N come鈥�. On the permission being granted, the candidate appeared before the assembly, adjusted his upper robe so as to cover one shoulder, saluted the feet of the 叠丑颈办峁�u with his head, sat down squatting, raised his joined hands and thrice uttered this formula: 鈥業 ask the 厂补峁僩丑补, reverend Sirs, for the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination: might the 厂补峁僩丑补 reverend Sirs, draw me out (of the sinful world) out of compassion towards me.鈥�

Then the learned competent 产丑颈办峁�u moved the following resolution^[5] :

鈥淟et the 厂补峁僩丑补, reverend Sirs, hear me. This person N.N. desires to receive the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination from the venerable N.N. If the 厂补峁僩丑补 is ready, let me ask N.N. about the disqualifications.鈥�

Permission being granted as follows^[6] :

鈥淒o you hear, N.N. This is the time for you to speak the truth and to say that which is. When I ask you before the assembly about that which is, you ought, if it is so, to answer 鈥業t is鈥�; if it is not so, you ought to answer 鈥業t is not鈥�.

Then followed the string questions^[7] : 鈥淎re you afflicted with the following diseases? Leprosy, boils, dry leprosy, consumption, fits? Are you a man? Are you a male? Are you free man? Have you no debts? Are you not in the royal service? Have you father and mother given their consent? Are you full twenty years old? Are your alms bowl and your robes in due state? What is your name? What is your 鲍辫补箩箩丑腻测补鈥檚 name?

After satisfactory answers were received, a learned competent 产丑颈办峁�u proclaimed the following 帽补迟迟颈 before the 厂补峁僩丑补^[8] :

鈥淟et the 厂补峁僩丑补 reverend Sirs, hear me. This person N.N. desires to receive the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination from the venerable N.N; he is free from the disqualifications; his alms-bowls and robes are in due state. N.N asks the 厂补峁僩丑补 for the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination with N.N. as 鲍辫补箩箩丑腻测补. If the 厂补峁僩丑补 is ready, let the 厂补峁僩丑补 confer or N.N. the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination with N.N. as 鲍辫补箩箩丑腻测补鈥�.

鈥淟et the 厂补峁僩丑补, reverend Sirs, hear me. This person N.N. desires to receive the 耻辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination from the venerable N.N. The 厂补峁僩丑补 confers on N.N. the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination with an 鲍辫补箩箩丑腻测补. Let any one of the venerable brethren who is in favour of the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination of N.N. with N.N, as 鲍辫补箩箩丑腻测补 be silent and anyone who is not in favour of it, speak.鈥�

鈥楢nd for the second time I thus speak to you: Let the 厂补峁僩丑补 etc. (as before).

鈥楢nd for the third time I thus speak to you: Let the 厂补峁僩丑补 etc. (as before).

鈥淣.N. has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination from the 厂补峁僩丑补 with N.N. as 鲍辫补箩箩丑腻测补. The 厂补峁僩丑补 is in favour of it, therefore it is silent. Thus I understand.鈥�^[9]

As soon as the ceremony of ordination was over, the newly ordained Monk carefully taught the four Requisites (苍颈蝉蝉补测腻) and the four Interdicts (补办补谤补峁嚹珁腻苍颈) of the monastic life.

The four Requisites (苍颈蝉蝉补测腻)^[10] 飞别谤别:鈥�

a. A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, eat the food collected in the alms bowl only;
b. A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, wear the robes made of rags collected;
c. A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, lodge at the foot of a tree; and
d. A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, use the Cow urine as medicine.

The four Interdicts (补办补谤补峁嚹珁腻苍颈)^[11] 飞别谤别:鈥�

a) A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, ought to abstain from all sexual intercourse even with an animal.
b) A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, ought to abstain from taking what is not given to him and from theft, even at of a blade of grass
c) A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, ought not intentionally to destroy the life of any being down to a worm or an ant.
d) A 叠丑颈办峁�u who has received the 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, ought not to attribute to himself any super human condition.

In this way the Buddhist 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 or final ordination was completed.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Mookerji, R.K. Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist), Motilal Banarasi Dass Publishers, Delhi 2011, P. 402.

[2]:

So ha峁� bhante 蝉补峁僩丑补m catt膩ro mase 辫补谤颈惫腻蝉补峁� y膩c膩miti. Mah膩vagga I.38.3.

[3]:

Na bhikkhive anuppajjh膩yaho upasamp膩databbo. Ibid.I.69.

[4]:

Su峁嚹乼u me bhante sa峁僩o鈥︹�︹�︹�︹��yadi 蝉补峁僩丑补ssa pattakalla峁� sa峁僩ho ittann膩ma峁� upasamp膩deyya itthann膩mena upajjh膩yena|| Mah膩v膩gga.I.28.4. Tena 鲍辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻pekkhena 厂补峁僩丑补m鈥︹�︹�︹�︹��.dutiyam pi yacitabbo-la tatiyam pi y膩citabo-la-|| Ibid I.29.2.

[5]:

Vyatte na bhukkun膩 pa峁璱balena 帽膩petabbo鈥︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹��.yadi 蝉补峁僩丑补ssa pattakala峁� sa峁僩ho 颈迟迟丑补苍苍腻尘补峁� upasamp膩deyya itthann膩mena upajjh膩yena || Ibid.I.29.3.

[6]:

Sunasi itthannama鈥︹�︹�︹�︹�︹��..ma kho vitthasi, ma kho ahosi || Ibid.I.76.7.

[7]:

Santi te evar奴p膩 腻产腻诲丑腻 ku峁�峁璦m ga峁囜笉o kil膩so soso apam膩ro鈥︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹��.ki峁僴膩mo si, kon膩mo te upajjh膩yo鈥檛i|| Mah膩vagga.I.76.1.

[8]:

Vyattena bhikkhun膩 pa峁璱balena sa峁僩ho 帽膩petabbo鈥︹�︹�︹�︹�︹��es膩 帽补迟迟颈 || Ibid I.76.10.

[9]:

Su峁嚹乼u me bhante sa峁僩ho鈥︹�︹�︹��..khama 蝉补峁僩丑补ssa, tasm膩 tu峁噃墨, evam eta峁� dh膩ray膩m墨ti || Mah膩vagga.I.28.5-6.

[10]:

Anujanami bhikkhave upasampadentena cattaro nissaye acikkhitum鈥︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹�︹��aitrekalabho sappi navanitam telam madhu phanitam ti || Ibid.I.30.4.

[11]:

Upasampannena bhikkhun膩 methuno dhanmo na pa峁璱sevitabbo antamso triracch膩nagataya pi|| Ibid I.78.2.
Upasampannena bhikkhun膩 补诲颈苍苍补峁� theyyasa峁僰h膩tam na 腻诲腻迟补产产补峁� antamaso 迟颈峁嘺蝉补濒腻办补尘 耻辫腻诲腻测补|| Ibid. I.78.3.
Upasampannena bhikkhun膩 蝉补帽肠颈肠肠补 p膩峁噊 j墨vit膩 hovoropetabbo antamaso kunthakipilliaka峁� 耻辫腻诲腻测补|| Ibid. I.78.4.
Upasampannena bhikkhun膩 uttarimanussadhammo na ullapitabbo antamaso su帽帽膩g膩re abhiram膩m墨ti|| Ibid. I.78.5.