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Tribes in 'Geography' and 'Tributes' /Whose Position is not Known/Did not Join the War/Unknown Tribes

1. Atavisavara (a峁璦v墨艣abara) - Refers to the tribes of mid- Vindhya region, and may be identical with the Atavika mentioned in the Puranas and the Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta. Mentioned in geography of Mahabharata (VI.10.46). Aparandhr膩艣a ca 艣奴dr膩艣a ca pahlav膩艣a carma kha峁囜笉ik膩岣� |
A峁璦v墨 艣abar膩艣a caiva maru bhaum膩艣a ca m膩ri峁�a (VI.10.46). The Mahabharata Tribe - Atavi (a峁璦v墨) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Atval (a峁璦v膩la) of Jats from Punjab. The Mahabharata Tribe - Shavara (艣abara) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Senwar (se峁僾ara)) of Jats from Rajasthan.

2.Anupaka (an奴paka) - Possibly the country of the Anupas in the Mahishmati region on the western coast, though some scholars suggest district Nimar on the banks of the Narmada. Mbh. Mentions Arjuna Kartavirya of the Haihaya (Yadava) dynasty as Anupapati (III. 116. 19). Kath膩 cita tu tadaiv膩sya vini峁�kr膩nt膩岣� sut膩岣� parabho |
Ad膩n奴pa patira v墨ra岣� k膩rtav墨ryo 啶絙hayavartata (III. 116. 19)

3. Adhiraja (adhir膩ja)- A branch of the Matsyas; mentioned in the course of Sahdeva's conquest of the southern regions (II.28.2-4). Probably a dominion or tributary neighbour of Matsya kingdom.

sa 艣奴rasen膩na k膩rtsnyena p奴rvama ev膩jayata parabhu岣� |
Matsyar膩ja峁� ca kauravyo va艣e cakre bal膩tha bal墨 (II.28.2)
adhir膩j膩dhipa峁� caiva thantavakra峁� mah膩have |
Jig膩ya karatha峁� caiva savar膩jye sa峁僴yave艣ayata (II.28.3)
sukum膩ra峁� va艣e cakre sumitra峁� ca nar膩dhipama |
Tadaiv膩paramatsy膩峁兣沘 ca vayajayata sa pa峁璦ca car膩na (II.28.4)

4. Anupavrt (an奴pav峁泃a) -

5. Antargirya - Identity not certain.

6. Aparaparyata - Conquered by Nakula. Identification not certain.

7. Aparavartaka -

8. Aparanta (apar膩nta) - Signifies frontier, identification not certain.

9. Arbuda (arbuda) - Were vanquished by Sahdeva (II.28.8). Also a famous mountain in the Puranas, now known as Mt. Abu.

t膩d峁浥浤乶膩峁� sahasr膩峁噄 parayut膩nya arbud膩ni ca |
Abhi峁�ikta峁� mah膩tm膩na峁� pariv膩ryopatasdire (IX.44.110)

Sabha Parva Mahabharata (II.47.26) mentions about Arbuda.

艣ak膩sa tukh膩r膩岣� ka峁卥膩艣a ca roma艣膩岣� 艣峁涐箙gi峁噊 nar膩岣� |
Mah膩gam膩na th奴ragam膩na ga峁噄t膩na arbuda峁� hay膩na (II.47.26)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Arbuda (arbuda) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Avalak (avalaka) who were Nagavanshi.

10. Agreya (agreya) - A janapada conquered by Karna (III. 241.67). Possibly in hisar region or near Agra.

The Mahabharata Tribes - Agreya (agreya) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Agre (agre)

11. Atreya (膩treya) - A northwestern primitive tribe (VI.10.67), possibly located in Atari, between Lahore and Amritsar. Were later initiated in the Brahmin gotras of Atri and Bharadvaja.

膩trey膩岣� sa bharadv膩j膩sa tadaiva satanayo峁�ik膩岣� |
Aupak膩艣a ca kali峁単膩艣a ca kir膩t膩n膩峁� ca j膩taya岣� (VI.10.67)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Atreya (膩treya) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Atri (atr墨)

12. Adidaya -

13. Adirashtra (膩dir膩峁ａ弓ra) - Possibly from the central or eastern regions.

14. Anarta (膩narta) - Refers to the famous land of great Yadava royal families in modern Gujarat and Kathiawar near the Rann of Kutch; ruled by many tribal oligarchies.

tama eva thivasa峁� c膩pi kaunteya岣� p膩峁囜笉unanthana岣� |
膧nartanagar墨峁� ramy膩峁� jag膩m膩艣u dhana峁僯aya岣� (V.7.4)

When Pandavas were exiled to the woods, by the Kauravas, the five sons of Pandavas, born to Draupadi, were sent to Panchala, the kingdom ruled by their maternal grandfather Drupada. They later wnet to the Anarta Kingdom, ruled by the Yadavas, so that they can stay with their step brother and dear friend, Abhimanyu, and learn military science from eminent Yadava warriors. (MBh. 3.182) After the expiry of the thirteenth year, the five Pandavas took up their abode in one of Virata鈥檚 towns called Upaplavya. Arjuna brought over Abhimanyu and Vasudeva Krishna, and also many people of the Dasarha race from the Anarta country. (Mbh 4.72) Mahabharata (MBh 5.83), it is mentioned that Pandava's mother Kunti also stayed for some time in Anarta, during the exile of the Pandavas. (V.7.4)

In geography the country of Anartas is mentioned with the Sakas, the Nishadhas, the Nairitas, the Dugalas, the Pratimasyas, the Kuntalas, and the Kusalas. (VI.10.50)

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乨膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣�. Dug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.50)

Satyaki was a general in the Pandava, army. He was a chief of Anartas. (9. 17).Kritavarman was a general in the Kaurava, army (9. 17). He is described as the dweller of the Anarta country, the son of Hridika, the mighty car-warrior, the foremost one among the Satwatas, the chief of the Bhojas. Vivingsati, one among the 100 Kaurava brothers, had slain hundreds of Anarta warriors.

15. Amra (膩mra) - Possibly a janapada in the Jaipur region.

The Mahabharata Tribe - Amra (膩mra) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Ameria (膩meriy膩) who live in Jaipur district in Rajasthan.

16. Audumbara (audumbara) - An important ancient tribe, mentioned in the tribute list (II.47.12). Bauddha texts say they dwelled on the highway from Magadha to Kashmira in east Kangra district. (II.48.12)

k膩yavy膩 darad膩 d膩rv膩岣� 艣奴r膩 vaiyamak膩sa tad膩 |
Audumbar膩 durvibh膩g膩岣� p膩rad膩 b膩hlikai岣� saha (II.48.12)

Audumbaras were a north Indian tribal nation east of the Punjab, in the Western Himalaya region. They were the most important tribe of the Himachal Pradesh, and lived in the lower hills between Sirmaur and Yamuna.

They issued coinage from the 1st century BCE, when they seemingly gained independence from the Indo-Greeks. Their favorite deities were Mah膩deva or Shiva, and also K膩rtikeya, standing with a spear in right hand. The silver coins of the Kunindas, the Vemakas and the Audumbaras closely follow the coins of Apollodotus II in their characteristics (weight, size and material). [33]

17. Avasira - Could be Ayodhya region, defeated by Karna (III.241.44).

18. Ekashana/Jyoha (jyoha) - Brought tributes to Yudhisthira (II.48.3).

kha艣膩 ek膩艣an膩jyoh膩岣� paradar膩 th墨rghavenava岣� |
Pa艣up膩艣a ca ku峁噄nth膩艣a ca ta峁単a峁嚹佱弗 parata峁単a峁嚹佱弗 (II.48.3)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Jyoha (jyoha) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Johiya (johiy膩).

19. Udra (Odra) (odra) - Modern Orissa, also known as Utkala and Kalinga.

p膩峁囜笉y膩峁兣沘 ca tharavith膩峁兣沘 caiva sahit膩峁兣沘 codra keralai岣� |
Andhr膩峁僺a talavan膩峁兣沘 caiva kali峁単膩na o峁ａ弓ra kar峁噄k膩na (II.28.48)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Odra) (odra) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Odhran (odhar膩na).

20. Utkala (utkala) - Utkala was separate from Odra and Kalinga (VI.10.3 9).

cedivats膩岣� kar奴峁Ｄ伵沘 ca bhoj膩岣� sindhupulinthak膩岣� |
Uttamauj膩 da艣膩r峁嚹伵沘 ca mekal膩艣a cotkalai岣� saha (VI.10.39)

21. Uttama (uttama) - Could be a Gond tribe in Mahadeo Hills. (VI.10.39)

cedivats膩岣� kar奴峁Ｄ伵沘 ca bhoj膩岣� sindhupulinthak膩岣�
uttamauj膩 da艣膩r峁嚹伵沘 ca mekal膩艣a cotkalai岣� saha (VI.10.39)

22. Uttarakurava (uttara kuru) - Arjuna reached Uttarakuru during his northern conquest (II.25.7).

merumandarayora madhye 艣ailod膩ma abhito nad墨ma |
Ye te k墨caka ve峁嚺玭膩峁� ch膩y膩峁� ramy膩ma up膩sate (II.48.2)
uttarebhya岣� kurubhya艣a c膩pya apo岣峢a峁� m膩lyama ambubhi岣� |
Uttar膩da api kail膩s膩da o峁�adh墨岣� sumah膩bal膩岣� (II.48.6)

Dr V. S. Aggarwala thinks that the Uttarakuru was located to north of Pamirs in Central Asia and was also famous for its horses of Tittirakalamasha variety. [34]Thus it probably comprised parts of Kirgizstan and Tian-Shan. Bhishma Parava of Mahabharata attests that the country of Uttarakuru lied to the north of Mt Meru and to the south of Nila Parvata. The Mt Meru of Hindu traditions is identified with the knot of Pamirs. Mountain Nila may have been the Altai-Mt.[35]

The Mahabharata refers to the Kichaka bamboos growing on the banks of river Shailoda. (II.48.2) Mahabharata further attests that the Kichaka bamboo region was situated between Mountain Meru (Pamirs) and Mountain Mandara (Alta Tag). The river valleys between these two mountains are still overgrown with forests of Kichaka Bamboos.[36]

23. Utsavasanketa (utsava sa峁僰eta) - Were defeated by Arjuna (II.24.4) and Nakula (II.29.8). Possibly the Kinnar tribes between Kangra and Rampur Bushar.

ga峁嚹乶a utsava sa峁僰et膩na vayajayata puru峁�ar峁�abha |
Sindhuk奴l膩艣rit膩 ye ca gar膩ma峁噀y膩 mah膩bal膩岣� (II.29.8)

24. Unntyaka (unnatyaka) - Mentioned among the southern-most tribes (VI.10.57), possibly Karnataka region.

daravi岣嵞佱弗 keral膩岣� par膩cy膩 bh奴峁�ik膩 vanav膩sina岣� : unnatyak膩 m膩hi峁�ak膩 vikalp膩 m奴峁�ak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.57)

25. Upavrt - Possibly a tribe of the Saurashtra region.

26. Uluka (ul奴ka) - Were vanquished by Arjuna (II.24.4).

saubalena ca r膩jenthra tad膩 thu岣ヅ浤乻anena ca |
膧h奴yopahvare r膩janna ul奴kama ithama abrav墨ta (V.157.2)
ul奴ka gaccha kaitavya p膩峁囜笉av膩na saha somak膩na |
Gatv膩 mama vaco bar奴hi v膩suthevasya 艣峁涐箛vata岣� (V.157.3)
ta峁� ca t奴barakama m奴岣峢a峁� bahva 膩艣inama avithyakama |
Ul奴ka mathvaco bar奴y膩 asak峁泃ha bh墨masenakama (V.157.16)
ul奴ka vathan膩岣� ke citha g峁沝hragom膩yuthar艣an膩岣� |
Karau帽cap膩r膩vata nibhaira vathanai r膩峁卥avaira api (IX.43.26)
ul奴ka vathanaira bh墨mai岣� 艣ayenabh膩samukhaisa tad膩 |
N膩n膩var峁嘺m峁沢aprakhyai岣� sarvaj膩tisamanvayai岣� |
Ki峁僴araira thevagandharvaira yak峁�abh奴taga峁嘺isa tad膩 (XIII.127.6)

The Mahabharata Tribes - Uluka (ul奴ka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Aulakh (olakha).

Aulakh (olakha) clan of Jats are descendants of Uluka. [37] Mahabharata mentions a country called Uluka. [38] The Mahabharata mentions them as Uluka. [39] As per grammar rules the name Aulak, is derived from Uluk, the name of the country. [40] Perhaps the Iranian Uruk, Indian Uraga was their country. [41]

27. Uraga (urag膩) - A northern tribe, possibly from Kashmir, vanquished by Arjuna (II.24.18).

abhis膩r墨峁� tato ramy膩峁� vijigye kurunanthana岣� |
Urag膩v膩sina峁� caiva rocam膩na峁� ra峁噀 啶絡ayata (II.24.18)

28. Usinara (u艣墨nara) - An ancient tribe known from Rig Vedic times (X.59.1O), they hailed from Kanakhala, south east of Madra. The Brahmanas list them as a tribe of Madhyadesa.

艣ibima au艣墨nara峁� caiva m峁泃a峁� 艣u艣ruma s峁浢眏aya |
Ya im膩峁� p峁沝iv墨峁� k峁泃sn膩峁� carmavata samave峁ａ弓ayata (XII.29.35)
y膩vatha athya gav膩艣va峁� say膩tha 膩ra峁噛ai岣� pa艣ubhi岣� saha |
T膩vat墨岣� parathathau g膩岣� sa 艣ibira au艣墨naro 啶絛havare (XII.29.37)
nothyant膩ra峁� dhura峁� tasya ka峁� cina mene paraj膩pati岣� |
Na bh奴ta峁� na bhavi峁�yanta峁� sarvar膩jasu bh膩rata |
Anyatrau艣墨nar膩ca chaiby膩tha r膩jar峁�era inthra vikram膩ta (XII.29.38)

There are many references to Usinaras in the Epic poetry Mahabharata. At several places, it refers to king Usinara and his son prince Sibi or Sivi whose charity has been enormously glorified by sage Markandeya.[42].

29. Ustrakarnika (u峁ａ弓ra kar峁噄ka) - Were defeated by Sahdeva in the south (II.28.48) and were probably a Telugu tribe.

p膩峁囜笉y膩峁兣沘 ca tharavith膩峁兣沘 caiva sahit膩峁兣沘 cothra keralai岣� |
Andhr膩峁僺a talavan膩峁兣沘 caiva kali峁単膩na o峁ａ弓ra kar峁噄k膩na (II.28.48)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Ustrakarnika (u峁ａ弓ra kar峁噄ka) may be identified with present Utkanya (u峁璦k膩峁噛膩) Jat Gotra living in Tonk district in Rajasthan.

30. Ekapada (ekap膩da) - Mentioned in Sahdeva's conquest of the southern quarters (II.28.47).

ekap膩d膩峁兣沘 ca puru峁Ｄ乶a keval膩na vanav膩sina岣� |
Nagar墨峁� sa峁僯ayant墨峁� ca piccha峁囜笉a峁� karah膩峁璦kama
d奴taira eva va艣e cakre kara峁� cain膩na ad膩payata (II.28.47)

31. Ekaprastha (ekap峁涐梗峁環a) - Mentioned in the 'geography' (VI.10.40); of them, Ekacharana has been identified as a branch of Kiratas.

p膩帽c膩l膩岣� kau艣ik膩艣a caiva ekap峁涐梗峁環膩 yuga峁� dhar膩岣� |
Saudh膩 madr膩 bhuji峁単膩艣a ca k膩艣ayo 啶絧arak膩艣aya岣� (VI.10.40)

32. Aupaka (Opa-) (aupaka) - Mentioned in geography (VI. 10.67) and were possibly a northern mountaineer tribe. Location uncertain.

膩trey膩岣� sa bharathv膩j膩sa tadaiva satanayo峁�ik膩岣� |
Aupak膩艣a ca kali峁単膩艣a ca kir膩t膩n膩峁� ca j膩taya岣� (VI. 10.67)

33. Kaksha (k膩k峁�a)/ (Kaccha) (kaccha) - Both Kaksha and Kaccha are mentioned twice in the 'geography' (VI. 10.47 and 55), and denote the dry grasslands of the Rann of Kutch, being mentioned between Dvaipeya and Samudra niskuta (people living on the sea-shore). Occupied by cowherds, Gopalakaksha.

up膩v峁浥沜膩nup膩v峁浥沜a sur膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� kekay膩sa tad膩 |
Ku峁�峁�膩par膩nt膩 thavaidhey膩岣� k膩k峁Ｄ佱弗 s膩muthra ni峁�ku峁�膩岣� (VI. 10.47)
kacch膩 gop膩la kacch膩艣a ca l膩峁単al膩岣� paravallak膩岣� |
Kir膩t膩 barbar膩岣� sithdh膩 vitheh膩sa t膩mrali峁単ak膩岣� (VI. 10.55)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kaccha) (kaccha) may be identified with present Jat Gotra - Kachha (k膩ch膩) who live in Maharashtra. [43]

34. Karantha (kara峁囜弓ha) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.61); possibly northerners. The name bears affinity with Kharot, a tribe of caravan traders between Central Asia and lndia.

m膩lak膩 mallak膩艣a caiva tadaiv膩paravartak膩岣� |
Kulinth膩岣� kulak膩艣a caiva kara峁囜弓h膩岣� kurak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.61)

35. Kara Bhanjaka (karabha帽jaka) - Appear in 'geography' (VI.10.68); a northern hill tribe.

t膩mar膩 ha峁僺am膩rg膩艣a ca tadaiva karabha帽jak膩岣� |
Uththe艣a m膩tre峁嘺 may膩 the艣膩岣� sa峁僰墨rtit膩岣� parabho (VI.10.68)

36. Karishaka (kar墨峁�aka) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.54) with tribes inhabiting the northwestern region; also a gotra name.

vadhr膩岣� kar墨峁�ak膩艣a c膩pi kulinthopatyak膩sa tad膩 |
Van膩yavo da艣膩 p膩r艣v膩 rom膩峁嘺岣� ku艣a binthava岣� (VI.10.54)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Karishaka (kar墨峁�aka) may be identified with present Jat Gotra - 'Karig (kar墨ga) Kari (kar墨). There was a republic called Karishaka (kar墨峁�aka) during Mahabharata period, who lost it and moved here and there and were called Karig. [44]

37. Karkakhanda (karkakha峁冡笉a) - Mentioned In Karna's conquests (III.241.43) after Magadha, and before Sravasti and Ayodhya; possibly a name for Koshala.

38. Karkotaka (karko峁璦ka) - Mentioned by Karna as an impure people (VII.30.45); a southern tribe probably occupying a Vindhya range. Karkotaka has been mentioned amongst the names of the naga kings who attended the Sabha of Yudhishthira. (II.9.9), Mentioned in (VIII.30.45).

kambal膩艣vatarau n膩gau dh峁泃ar膩峁ａ弓ra bal膩hakau |
Ma峁噄m膩na ku峁囜笉aladhara岣� karko峁璦ka dhana峁僯ayau (II.9.9)
k膩ra岣� kar膩na mahi峁�ak膩na kali峁単膩na k墨ka峁�膩峁璦v墨na |
Karko峁璦k膩na v墨rak膩峁兣沘 ca thurdharm膩峁兣沘 ca vivarjayeta (VIII.30.45)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Karkotaka (karko峁璦ka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Katewa (ka峁璭v膩).

39. Karnata ( Karahataka) - The Mahabharata Book 2: Sabha Parva SECTION XXXI locates The Trigartas, the Dasharnas, the Sivis, the Amvashtas, the Malavas, the five tribes of the Karnatas around Rohtak in Haryana as under:

艣air墨峁�aka峁� maheccha峁� ca va艣e cakre mah膩thyuti岣� |
艢ib墨峁僺a trigart膩na amba峁ａ弓h膩na m膩lav膩na pa帽ca karpa峁�膩na (II.31.6)

40. Kalinga (kali峁単a) - Lived south of the Vaitarani river (III.114.4), in the area between Vaitarani and Vijagapattam in modern Orissa. Shalya Parva (IX.44.59)

ete kali峁単膩岣� kaunteya yatra vaitara峁嚹� nath墨 |
Yatr膩yajata dharmo 啶絧i thev膩帽a 艣ara峁嘺ma etya vai (III.114.4)
putra me峁�a岣� parav膩ha艣a ca tad膩 nandopanandakau |
Dh奴mra岣� 艣aveta岣� kali峁単a艣a ca siddh膩rdo varadasa tad膩 (IX.44.59)

41. Kalkala (kalkala) - A Vindhya tribe listed in the 'geography' (VI.10.60).

tarya峁単膩岣� kekarak膩岣� paro峁ａ弓h膩岣� parasa峁僣arak膩sa tad膩 |
Tadaiva vindhyapulak膩岣� pulinth膩岣� kalkalai岣� saha (VI.10.60)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kalkala (kalkala) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kalkal (kalakala)

42. Kaka (k膩ka) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.63).

h峁涐梗墨vitharbh膩岣� k膩nt墨k膩sa ta峁単a峁嚹佱弗 parata峁単a峁嚹佱弗 |
Uttar膩艣a c膩pare malecch膩 jan膩 bharatasattama (VI.10.63)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kaka (k膩ka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kak (k膩ka)

43. Kanka (ka峁卥a) - Mentioned in the tribute list (II.47.26) as wearing horns, a practice among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia. A Jat tribe living between Beas and Sutlej in Punjab is as Kang; claims descent from solar race of Ayodhya.

艣ak膩sa tukh膩r膩岣� ka峁卥膩艣a ca roma艣膩岣� 艣峁涐箙gi峁噊 nar膩岣� |
Mah膩gam膩na th奴ragam膩na ga峁噄t膩na arbutha峁� hay膩na (II.47.26)

Jat Gotra Kang in Mahabharata, is mentioned as Kankas. (IX.44.69)

acala岣� kanak膩k峁�a艣a ca b膩l膩n膩ma ayika岣� parabhu岣� |
Sa峁僣膩raka岣� koka natho g峁沝hravaktra艣a ca jambuka岣� (IX.44.69)

44. Karnika (kar峁噄ka) - Listed in the 'geography' (VI.10.58).

kar峁噄k膩岣� kuntik膩艣a caiva saubdhith膩 nalak膩lak膩岣� |
Kauku峁�峁璦k膩sa tad膩 col膩岣� ko峁卥a峁嚹� m膩lav膩峁嘺k膩岣� (VI.10.58)

45. Karvata - Possibly a Bengal tribe whose king was conquered by Bhima (II.27.22).

46. Karaskara (k膩raskara) - Served as tributaries in the palace of Yudhishthira (II.46.21). Mentioned as people (VIII.30.45).

膩varjit膩 iv膩bh膩nti nighn膩艣a caitraki kaukur膩岣� |
K膩ra岣� kar膩 lohaja峁単h膩 yudhi峁ａ弓hira nive艣ane (II.46.21)

k膩ra岣� kar膩na mahi峁�ak膩na kali峁単膩na k墨ka峁�膩峁璦v墨na |
Karko峁璦k膩na v墨rak膩峁兣沘 ca thurdharm膩峁兣沘 ca vivarjayeta (VIII.30.45)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Karaskara (k膩raskara) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Karaskar (k膩raskara)

47. Kayavya (k膩yavya) - A northwestern tribe in the tribute list (II.48.12).

k膩yavy膩 darad膩 d膩rv膩岣� 艣奴r膩 vaiyamak膩sa tad膩 |
Authumbar膩 durvibh膩g膩岣� p膩rad膩 b膩hlikai岣� saha (II.48.12)

48. Karpasika (k膩rp膩sika) - Brought tributes to Yudhisthira (II.47.7); possibly hailed from the Vidisha region in Central India.

艣ata峁� d膩s墨 sahasr膩峁嚹佱箖 k膩rp膩sika niv膩sin膩ma |
艢ay膩m膩sa tanvyo th墨rghake艣yo hem膩bhara峁嘺 bh奴峁�it膩岣� |
艢奴thr膩 viprottam膩rh膩峁噄 r膩峁卥av膩nya ajin膩ni ca (II.47.7)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Karpasika (k膩rp膩sika) may be identified with -

Kapisha (Persian: 讴丕倬賷爻丕) which is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Jat Gotras derived from this place are - Kapahi (kapah墨) Kapai (kap膩墨) Kapureya (kap奴rey膩) Kapdia (k膩pa岣峚啶监たy膩).

49. Kalakuta (k膩lak奴峁璦) - A mountain (II.23.14) conquered by Arjun. Mbh. Mentions the inhabitants of Kalakuta as a neighbouring tribe of Kuru land (II.20.26, V.19.30).

膩nart膩na k膩lak奴峁�膩峁兣沘 ca ku峁噄nth膩峁兣沘 ca vijitya sa岣� |
Suma峁囜笉ala峁� p膩pajita峁� k峁泃av膩na anu sainikama (II.23.14)

People who came from the side of Kalakuta (k膩lak奴峁璦) mountain were known as Kaler - Jat Gotra.[45]

Kaliraman (k膩l墨ramana) jats had won the Kalakuta (k膩lak奴峁璦) country also. [46]

50. Kalatoyaka (k膩latoyaka) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.X. 45).

mall膩岣� suthe峁ａ箛膩岣� par膩h奴t膩sa tad膩 m膩hi峁�a k膩r峁�ik膩岣� |
V膩h墨k膩 v膩峁璦dh膩n膩艣a ca 膩bh墨r膩岣� k膩latoyak膩岣� (VI.X. 45)

51. Kalada (k膩l膩da) - Possibly a minor hill tribe in the Himalayas; mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.61).

The Mahabharata Tribe - Karaskara (k膩raskara) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kandwal (ka峁僤av膩la) who got this name from Kalada (k膩l膩da). [47]

52. Kalamukha (k膩lamukha) - A southern tribe (II.28.45); probably a Bhil tribe.

ye ca k膩lamukh膩 n膩ma nar膩 r膩k峁�asayonaya岣� |
K峁泃sna峁� kolla giri峁� caiva murac墨 pattana峁� tad膩 (II.28.45)

53. Kashmira (k膩艣m墨ra) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.52 and 66); were defeated by Arjuna (II.23.24). Did not join the war.

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� sindhusauv墨r膩 g膩ndh膩r膩 thar艣ak膩sa tad膩 |
Abh墨s膩r膩 kul奴t膩艣a ca 艣auval膩 b膩hlik膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.52)

艣奴thr膩bh墨r膩da tharath膩岣� k膩艣m墨r膩岣� pa艣ubhi岣� saha |
Kha艣ik膩艣a ca tukh膩r膩艣a ca pallav膩 girigahvar膩岣� (VI.10.66)

54. Kichaka (k墨caka) - Their realms lay on the route to Ekacakra from Varnavata. The Pandavas travelled through Matsya, Trigarta and Panchala lands and entered Kichaka land (I.144.2). They were soldiers of the Matsya king, and their ruler was killed by Bhima. They seem not to have joined the war.

matsy膩峁僺a tarigart膩na p膩帽c膩l膩na k墨cak膩na antare峁嘺 ca |
Rama峁嚹珁膩na vanoththe艣膩na parek峁�am膩峁嚹佱弗 sar膩峁僺i ca (I.144.2)

Village Katrathal, an ancient historical village of Sikar district in Rajasthan, is believed to be associated with Kichaka.

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kichaka (k墨caka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Khichad (kh墨ca岣峚啶�).

55. Kuttaparanta - Possibly a Saurashtra tribe; mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.41).

56. Kunata (kuna峁���) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI. 10.50).

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乼h膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣� |
Thug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.50)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kunata (kuna峁���) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kunt (k奴峁璦) who live in Jaipur district in Rajasthan and Kont (ko峁冡弓a) who live in Uttar Pradesh.

57. Kundamana (kundam膩na) - Figure in the tribute list (II.48.13)

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� kundam膩n膩艣a ca paurak膩 ha峁僺ak膩yan膩岣� |
艢ibitrigartayaudhey膩 r膩jany膩 madrakekay膩岣� (II.48.13)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kundamana (kundam膩na) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kunda (kunda) + Maan (m膩na)

58. Kumara - Possibly a version of Vatsa, their king Shrenimat was defeated by Bhima during his march from Chedi to Koshala (II.27.1).

tata岣� kum膩ra vi峁�aye 艣are峁噄mantama ad膩jayata |
Kosal膩dhipati峁� caiva b峁沨athbalama ari峁僼hama岣�(II.27.1)

59. Kuraka (-ta) (kuraka) - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.61); hailed from south Kanara region known as Vidyadhar in the Jaina tradition.

m膩lak膩 mallak膩艣a caiva tadaiv膩paravartak膩岣� |
Kulinth膩岣� kulak膩艣a caiva kara峁囜弓h膩岣� kurak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.61)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kuraka (kuraka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kuraka (kurak膩) who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.

60. Kulaka (kulaka) - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.61).

m膩lak膩 mallak膩艣a caiva tadaiv膩paravartak膩岣� |
Kulinth膩岣� kulak膩艣a caiva kara峁囜弓h膩岣� kurak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.61)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kulaka (kulaka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kuraka

Kulak (kulaka) Kulakia (kulakiy膩) is a gotra of Jats. They are descendants of ancestor Kulika (kulika) of Nagavanshi. [48]

61. Kurontha (kara峁囜弓ha) - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.61); probably lived in the border region to the northwest of Garhwal and east of Kulu valley.

m膩lak膩 mallak膩艣a caiva tadaiv膩paravartak膩岣� |
Kulinth膩岣� kulak膩艣a caiva kara峁囜弓h膩岣� kurak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.61)

62. Kuru (kuru) - Key people in the epic, occupying Delhi and the adjoining portion of gangetic basin.

63. Kukkuta (Kulata) - Figure as a foreign (Mleccha) tribe of the northwest.

64. Kusala (-lyah) (ku艣ala) - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.50).

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乼h膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣� |
Dug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.50)

65. Kushavindu (ku艣a bindava) - Could belong to the southwest (VI.10.54).

vadhr膩岣� kar墨峁�ak膩艣a c膩pi kulinthopatyak膩sa tad膩 |
Van膩yavo tha艣膩 p膩r艣v膩 rom膩峁嘺岣� ku艣a bindava岣�

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kushavindu (ku艣a bindava) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kush (ku艣a) or Kuswan (kusav膩峁�)

66. Krimi (k峁沵i) - A once important tribe in east Punjab.

The Mahabharata Tribe - Krimi (k峁沵i) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Karmi (karam墨) or Kiram (kirama).[49]

67. Kevala (kevala) - Maybe a corrupt form of Kerala. (II.28.47)

ekap膩th膩峁兣沘 ca puru峁Ｄ乶a keval膩na vanav膩sina岣� |
Nagar墨峁� sa峁僯ayant墨峁� ca piccha峁囜笉a峁� karah膩峁璦kama (II.28.47)

68. Kaisika (kaisika) - A branch of the Yadavas.

69. Kokanada (kokanada) - A northern tribe (II.24.17). (IX.44.55)

tatasa tarigart膩na kaunteyo th膩rv膩na koka nad膩艣a ca ye |
Ka峁�atriy膩 bahavo r膩janna up膩vartanta sarva艣a岣� (II.24.17)
pu峁噛an膩m膩 sun膩m膩 ca suvaktra岣� pariyadar艣ana岣� |
Pari艣ruta岣� koka nada岣� pariya m膩ly膩nulepana岣� (IX.44.55)

The Mahabharata Tribe- Kokanada (kokanada) may ve identified wth Kok Jat Gotra

70. Kaukuttaka (kauku峁�峁璦ka) - Possibly a Nilgiri tribe (VI.10.58).

kar峁噄k膩岣� kuntik膩艣a caiva saubdhith膩 nalak膩lak膩岣� |
Kauku峁�峁璦k膩sa tad膩 col膩岣� ko峁卥a峁嚹� m膩lav膩峁嘺k膩岣� (VI.10.58)

71. Konkana (ko峁卥a峁嘺) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.58), a southern tribe, which did not fight in the war.

kar峁噄k膩岣� kuntik膩艣a caiva saubdhith膩 nalak膩lak膩岣� |
Kauku峁�峁璦k膩sa tad膩 col膩岣� ko峁卥a峁嚹� m膩lav膩峁嘺k膩岣� (VI.10.58)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Konkana (ko峁卥a峁嘺) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Konkan (ko峁僰a峁嘺) [50]

72. Kopana (kopana) - A fierce southern tribe (VI.10.59).

sama峁単膩岣� kopan膩艣a caiva kukur膩峁単atha m膩ri峁Ｄ佱弗 |
Dhavajinya utsava sa峁僰et膩sa tarivarg膩岣� sarvasenaya岣� (VI.10.59)

73. Kekaraka (kekaraka) - (VI.10.60).

tarya峁単膩岣� kekarak膩岣� paro峁ａ弓h膩岣� parasa峁僣arak膩sa tad膩 |
Tadaiva vindhyapulak膩岣� pulinth膩岣� kalkalai岣� saha

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kekaraka (kekaraka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kekeraul (kekeraula) Kakraul (kakaraula) |
Their earlier name was Kukar and they were rulers in Malwa. [51]

74. Kolla-giri (kolla giri) - A central Indian tribe vanquished by Sahdeva (II.28.45).

ye ca k膩lamukh膩 n膩ma nar膩 r膩k峁�asayonaya岣� |
K峁泃sna峁� kolla giri峁� caiva murac墨 pattana峁� tad膩 (II.28.45)

75. Kausija (-ka) -

76. Kratha (kratha) - Shalya Parva (IX.44.65), Sabha Parva (II.27.7)

yaj帽av膩ha岣� parav膩ha艣a ca deva y膩j墨 ca somapa岣� |
Saj膩la艣a ca mah膩tej膩岣� kratha kar膩dau ca bh膩rata (IX.44.65)
tata岣� sup膩r艣vama abhitasa tad膩 r膩japati峁� krathama |
Yudhyam膩na峁� bal膩ta sa峁僰hye vijigye p膩峁囜笉avar峁�abha岣� (II.27.7)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Kratha (kratha) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kaithoria (kaithoriy膩) or Kaith (kaitha) who are considered descendants of Maharaja Kratha (kratha) of Kuruvansh. [52]

77. Krivi (k峁泇i) -

The Mahabharata Tribe - Krivi (k峁泇i) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Kharb (kharba)

Krivi is also a Rigvedic Tribe: (RV VIII/20/24; VIII/22/12). These people are mentioned as Kravya in Sat.Br. (Xlll/5/4.7). They are to be identified with the Kharab clan of the Jats. They are also to be identified with the Khalabes of West Asian history, who gave their name to Chalybes on the mouth of Euphrates river.

78. Gaya (gaya) - Inhabitants of modern Gaya, brought tribute for Yudhisthira (II.48.15).

艣au峁囜笉ik膩岣� kukkur膩艣a caiva 艣ak膩艣a caiva vi艣膩峁� pate |
A峁単膩 va峁単膩艣a ca pu峁囜笉r膩艣a ca 艣膩navaty膩 gay膩sa tad膩 (II.48.15)

79. Gargya - Were defeated by Krishna (VII.11).

80. Giri-gahvara - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.66); lived in the Hindukush caves.

81. Guha - A southern tribe (XII.200.39).

82. Goparastra (gopa r膩峁ａ弓ra) - Figure in the 'geography' (VI.10.42); possibly hailed from ancient Nasik.

govinth膩 manthak膩岣� 峁�a峁囜笉膩 vitharbh膩n奴pav膩sik膩岣� |
A艣mak膩岣� p膩峁僺ur膩峁ａ弓r膩艣a ca gopa r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� pan墨tak膩岣� (VI.10.42)

83. Gopalakaccha (gop膩la kaccha) - In 'geography' (VI.10.55); conquered by Bhima (II.27.3). Lay between Koshala and north Koshala, indicating modern Gopalpur in Gorakhpur district, between Ayodhya and Kushinagara.

kacch膩 gop膩la kacch膩艣a ca l膩峁単al膩岣� paravallak膩岣� |
Kir膩t膩 barbar膩岣� sithdh膩 vitheh膩sa t膩mrali峁単ak膩岣� (VI.10.55)

84. Govinda (govind膩) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.42). Probably a central Indian tribe from the Kaimur range.

govind膩 mandak膩岣� 峁�a峁囜笉膩 vidarbh膩n奴pav膩sik膩岣� |
A艣mak膩岣� p膩峁僺ur膩峁ａ弓r膩艣a ca gopa r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� pan墨tak膩岣� (VI. 10.42)

85. Goshringa (go艣峁涐箙ga) - A hill conquered by Sahdeva in the south (II.28.5); could be located near Ujjain; visited by the Chinese traveller Xuan Zang (Hieun Tsang).

ni峁Ｄ乼habh奴mi峁� go艣峁涐箙ga峁� parvata paravara峁� tad膩 |
Taras膩 vayajayatha dh墨m膩帽a 艣are峁噄manta峁� ca p膩rdivama (II.28.5)

86. Charmakhandika (carmakha峁囜笉ika) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.46) as a northwestern tribe.

aparandhr膩艣a ca 艣奴thr膩艣a ca pahlav膩艣a carma kha峁囜笉ik膩岣�. A峁璦v墨 艣abar膩艣a caiva maru bhaum膩艣a ca m膩ri峁�a (VI.10.46)

87. Chitraka (citraka) - Waited upon Yudhisthira with tribute (II. 46.21).

膩varjit膩 iv膩bh膩nti nighn膩艣a caitraki kaukur膩岣� |
K膩ra岣� kar膩 lohaja峁単h膩 yudhi峁ａ弓hira nive艣ane (II. 46.21)

88. Jathara (ja峁環ara) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.41). Shalya Parva (IX.44.57)

ja峁環ar膩岣� kukku艣膩艣a caiva suth膩艣膩r峁嚹伵沘 ca bh膩rata |
Kuntayo 啶絭antaya艣a caiva tadaiv膩parakuntaya岣� (VI.10.41)

caturtha峁冡梗峁璻o 啶结梗a峁璦 jihva艣a ca meghan膩tha岣� p峁沝u艣rav膩岣� |
Vithyutha ak峁�o dhanura vaktro ja峁環aro m膩rut膩艣ana岣� (IX.44.57)
mah膩ja峁環ara p膩d膩峁単膩sa t膩rak膩k艣膩艣a ca bh膩rata |
P膩r膩vata mukh膩艣a c膩nye tad膩 v峁涐梗amukh膩岣� pare (IX.44.80)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Jathara (ja峁環ara) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Jathara (ja峁環ara).[53]

89. Jartika (jartika) - Jartika (jartika) is one of The Mahabharata Tribes, living in ancient time in the vicinity of Sakala and who are mentioned in the Karna Parva of the Mahabharata. (VIII.30.14)

艣膩kala峁� n膩ma nagarama 膩pag膩 n膩ma nimnag膩 |
Jartik膩 n膩ma b膩hl墨k膩sa te峁Ｄ佱箖 v峁泃ta峁� suninthitama (VIII.30.14)K R

K R Qanungo[54] mentions incidence from Mahabharata that there is a town named Sakala and river named Apaga where section of the Bahikas, known as the Jartikas, dwell.

The Mahabharata Tribe - Jartika (jartika) may be identified with Jat

90. Jaguda (j膩gu岣峚) - Probably from the region south of Ghazni and north of Kandhar (III.48.21).

h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca c墨n膩峁兣沘 ca tukh膩r膩na saindhav膩峁僺a tad膩 |
J膩gu岣嵞乶a rama峁環膩na mu峁囜笉膩na satr墨 r膩jy膩na ada ta峁単a峁嚹乶a (III.48.21)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Jaguda (j膩gu岣峚) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Jagunda (jagund膩) who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.

91. Jangala (j膩峁単ala) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.l0.37); refers to peoples from the forest southwest of Kurukshetra.

ata 奴rdhva峁� janapad膩na nibodha gadato mama |
Tatreme kurup膩帽c膩l膩岣� 艣膩lva m膩dreya j膩峁単al膩岣� (VI.l0.37)
pitrya峁� r膩jya峁� mah膩r膩ja kuravasa te sa j膩峁単al膩岣� |
Ada v墨raira jit膩峁� bh奴mima akhil膩峁� paratyapathyad膩岣� (V.53.7)
matsy膩岣� k奴rm膩艣ca sarp膩艣ca mriyante yatra j膩峁単al膩岣�. Dhanaskandha岣� striy膩statra sapatnairvipralopsyate 啷ムカ啷�啷�啷� [55]

The Mahabharata Tribe - Jangala (j膩峁単ala) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Jangu (j膩峁僩奴), Janghala (ja峁僩h膩l膩), Jangal (j膩峁僩ala)

92. Uttarajyoti (uttarajyoti) - Defeated by Nakula in west (II.29.10); location uncertain.

k峁泃sna峁� pa帽canatha峁� caiva tadaiv膩paraparya峁璦ma |
Uttarajyotika峁� caiva tad膩 v峁涐箛岣嵞佱弓aka峁� purama (II.29.10)

93. Jyoha (jyoh膩) - In the tribute list (II.48.3); could belong to the Tibet region.

kha艣膩 ek膩艣an膩jyoh膩岣� paradar膩 d墨rghavenava岣� |
:pa艣up膩艣a ca ku峁噄nth膩艣a ca ta峁単a峁嚹佱弗 parata峁単a峁嚹佱弗 (II.48.3)

Jyoha (jyoh膩) may be identified with Johiya (johiy膩) Johil (johila) Jot gotra. They are originally Yaudheya jats. Their area was Churu division. The area on the banks of Sutlej river upto Bahavalpur in Pakistan was Johiyawar (johiy膩v膩岣峚啶�).[56]

94. Tamara (t膩mara) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.68); hail from the region between India and Tibet.

t膩mar膩 ha峁僺am膩rg膩艣a ca tadaiva karabha帽jak膩岣� |
Uththe艣a m膩tre峁嘺 may膩 the艣膩岣� sa峁僰墨rtit膩岣� parabho (VI. 10.68)
gad膩 bhu艣u峁囜笉i hast膩艣a ca tad膩 tomarap膩峁嘺ya岣� |
Asi madgarahast膩艣a ca da峁囜笉ahast膩艣a ca bh膩rata (IX.44.105)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Tamara (t膩mara) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Tomar (tomara)

95. Tamradvipa - A southern people vanquished by Sahdeva (II.28.45).

96. Taratoya (taratoya) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.l0.51), probably a minor tribe connected with seafare.

t墨ragr膩h膩stara toy膩 r膩jik膩 ramyak膩 ga峁嚹佱弗 |
Tilak膩岣� p膩ras墨k膩艣a ca madhumanta岣� parakutsak膩岣� (VI.l0.51)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Taratoya (taratoya) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Talautia (talau峁璱y膩).

97. Tarkshya (t膩rk峁�ya) - Figure in the tribute list (II.48.14).

amba峁ａ弓h膩岣� kaukur膩sa t膩rk峁�y膩 vastrap膩岣� pahlavai岣� saha |
Vas膩taya岣� samauley膩岣� saha ka峁�uthrakam膩lavai岣� (II.48.14)

98. Talakata - Cr. Ed. (II.28.43), could be from Bijapur in Mysore.

99. Talajangha (t膩laja峁単ha) - Once a major branch of the Haihaya dynasty, they had little importance by the time of the epic (V.72.13).

haihay膩n膩ma uth膩varto n墨p膩n膩峁� janamejaya岣� |
Bahulasa t膩laja峁単h膩n膩峁� k峁沵墨峁嚹乵a uthdhato vasu岣� (V.72.13)

100. Talavan (talavana) - A southern tribe subdued by Sahdeva (II.28.48).

p膩峁囜笉y膩峁兣沘 ca tharavith膩峁兣沘 caiva sahit膩峁兣沘 codra keralai岣� |
Andhr膩峁僺a talavan膩峁兣沘 caiva kali峁単膩na o峁ａ弓ra kar峁噄k膩na (II.28.48)

101. Timingila (timi峁単ila) - A southern coastal tribe subdued by Sahdeva (II.28.46).

dav墨pa峁� t膩mr膩hvaya峁� caiva parvata峁� r膩maka峁� tad膩 |
Timi峁単ila峁� ca n峁沺ati峁� va艣e cakre mah膩mati岣� (II.28.46)

102. Tilaka (tilaka) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.l0.51), possibly from Hoshiarpur, Punjab.

t墨ragr膩h膩stara toy膩 r膩jik膩 ramyak膩 ga峁嚹佱弗 |
Tilak膩岣� p膩ras墨k膩艣a ca madhumanta岣� parakutsak膩岣� (VI.l0.51)

103. Tiragraha (t墨ragr膩ha) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.51 ) .

t墨ragr膩h膩stara toy膩 r膩jik膩 ramyak膩 ga峁嚹佱弗 |
Tilak膩岣� p膩ras墨k膩艣a ca madhumanta岣� parakutsak膩岣� (VI.l0.51)

104. Tripura (tripura) - A city near Vatsa (III.241.47). Tripura (meaning three cities, in Sanskrit) was constructed by the great Sura architect Mayasura. They were great cities of prosperity, power and dominance over the world, but due to their impious nature, Maya's cities were destroyed by Lord Shiva.

105. Tryanga (tarya峁単a) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.l0.60); possibly modern Telangana region.

tarya峁単膩岣� kekarak膩岣� paro峁ａ弓h膩岣� parasa峁僣arak膩sa tad膩 |
Tadaiva vindhyapulak膩岣� pulinth膩岣� kalkalai岣� saha (VI.l0.60)

106. Tryasha (taryak峁�a) - In tribute list (II.47.15).

davyak峁Ｄ佱箖sa taryak峁Ｄ乴a lal膩峁�膩k峁Ｄ乶a n膩n膩thigbhya岣� sam膩gat膩na |
Au峁ａ箛墨峁Ｄ乶a aniv膩s膩峁兣沘 ca b膩huk膩na puru峁Ｄ乼hak膩na (II.47.15)

107. Dasaparsva (da艣膩 p膩r艣va) - A northwestern people listed in 'geography' (VI.10.54).

vadhr膩岣� kar墨峁�ak膩艣a c膩pi kulinthopatyak膩sa tad膩 |
Van膩yavo da艣膩 p膩r艣v膩 rom膩峁嘺岣� ku艣a binthava岣� (VI.10.54)

108. Dasamalika - A northern tribe, possibly Rohitas of Afghanistan (VI.10.65 and II.24.16).

tadaiva maradh膩艣a c墨n膩sa tadaiva da艣a m膩lik膩岣�. Ka峁�atriyopanive艣膩艣a ca vai艣ya艣奴thra kul膩ni ca (VI.10.65)

109. Dasar - The Yadava clan of Krishna (III.19.120).

110. Diptaksha (d墨pt膩k峁�a) - (V.72.15).

hayagr墨vo vitheh膩n膩峁� varapra艣a ca mahaujas膩ma |
B膩hu岣� sunthara veg膩n膩峁� d墨pt膩k峁Ｄ佱箛膩峁� pur奴rav膩岣� (V.72.15)

111. Dirghavenava (d墨rghavenava) - A Central Asian tribe mentioned in the tribute list (II.48.3).

kha艣膩 ek膩艣an膩jyoh膩岣� parathar膩 d墨rghavenava岣� |
Pa艣up膩艣a ca ku峁噄nth膩艣a ca ta峁単a峁嚹佱弗 parata峁単a峁嚹佱弗 (II.48.3)

112. Dugula (dug奴l膩) - Figure in the 'geography' (VI.10.50).

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乼h膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣� |
Dug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.50)

Dugula (dug奴l膩) may be identified with Dagolya Jat Gotra.

113. Dwadashaksha (dv膩da艣膩k峁�a) - Brought tributes to Yudhisthira. (IX.44.54)

ek膩k峁�o dv膩da艣膩k峁�a艣a ca tadaivaika ja峁璦岣� parabhu岣� |
Sahasrab膩hura vika峁璷 vay膩ghr膩k峁�a岣� ka峁�itikampana岣� (IX.44.54)

114. Dvarapala (dv膩rap膩la) - A northwestern region, mentioned In Nakula's conquests (II.29.10).

k峁泃sna峁� pa帽canatha峁� caiva tadaiv膩paraparya峁璦ma |
Uttarajyotika峁� caiva tad膩 v峁涐箛岣嵞佱弓aka峁� purama |
Dv膩rap膩la峁� ca taras膩 va艣e cakre mah膩thyuti岣� (II.29.10)

115. Dvalpeya- (-bh) - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.47), identified with the tiny island of Diu.

116. Nandivega (nandivega) - (V.72.17).

艣ama艣a ca nandiveg膩n膩ma itya ete kulap膩峁僺an膩岣� |
Yug膩nte k峁涐梗峁嘺 sa峁僢h奴t膩岣� kule峁�u puru峁Ｄ乨ham膩岣� (V.72.17)

117. Navarastra (nava r膩峁ａ弓ra) - Defeated by Sahdeva (II.28.6).

nava r膩峁ａ弓ra峁� vinirjitya kuntibhojama up膩thravata |
Par墨tip奴rva峁� ca tasy膩sau paratijagr膩ha 艣膩sanama (II.28.6)

118. Nalakalaka (nalak膩laka) - Figure in the 'geography' (VI.10.58).

kar峁噄k膩岣� kuntik膩艣a caiva saubdhith膩 nalak膩lak膩岣� |
Kauku峁�峁璦k膩sa tad膩 col膩岣� ko峁卥a峁嚹� m膩lav膩峁嘺k膩岣� (VI.10.58)

119. Nisadha (ni峁Ｄ乨a) - In 'geography' (VI.10.50), this was the kingdom of the famous King Nala of the Yadava race. The tiny realm lay at the western end of the Satpura ranges.

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乨膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣� |
Dug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.50)

120. Nipa (n墨pa) - An historical people whose king janamejaya caused the ruin of his own tribe (V.72.13); were bondsmen in Yudhisthira's palace (II.46.21).

膩varjit膩 iv膩bh膩nti nighn膩艣a caitraki kaukur膩岣� |
K膩ra岣� kar膩 lohaja峁単h膩 yudhi峁ａ弓hira nive艣ane (II.46.21)
haihay膩n膩ma uth膩varto n墨p膩n膩峁� janamejaya岣� |
Bahulasa t膩laja峁単h膩n膩峁� k峁沵墨峁嚹乵a uthdhato vasu岣� Mahabharata (V.72.13)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Nipa (n墨pa) may be identified as Nepa (nep膩) Jat clan.

121. Naimisha (naimi峁�a) - People of Naimisharanaya (modern Nimsar) in Sitapur (UP) who were called the "knowers of true religion" (VIII.30.60).

kurava岣� sahap膩帽c膩l膩岣� 艣膩lv膩 matsy膩岣� sanaimi峁Ｄ佱弗 |
Kosal膩岣� k膩艣ayo 啶结箙ag膩艣a ca kali峁単膩 magadh膩sa tad膩 (VIII.30.60)

122. Nairrta (nair峁泃a) - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.50); probably came from the southwest.

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乼h膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣� |
Dug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.50)

Nairrta (nair峁泃a) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Nehra.

123. Panchakarpata (pa帽cakarpa峁璦) - Subdued by Nakula in the west (II.29.6), and probably hailed from a small settlement of five unknown tribes in Punjab.

艣air墨峁�aka峁� maheccha峁� ca va艣e cakre mah膩thyuti岣� |
艢ib墨峁僺a tarigart膩na amba峁ａ弓h膩na m膩lav膩na pa帽ca karpa峁�膩na (II.29.6)

124. Panitaka (pan墨taka) - Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.42).

govinth膩 manthak膩岣� 峁�a峁囜笉膩 vitharbh膩n奴pav膩sik膩岣� |
A艣mak膩岣� p膩峁僺ur膩峁ａ弓r膩艣a ca gopa r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� pan墨tak膩岣� .. (VI. 10.42)

125. Pattana - Probably a Vindhya tribe, the city was defeated by Karna in his digvijaya (III.241.47).

126. Pattibhanjaka (pattipa帽jaka) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.62); identification uncertain.

m奴峁�ak膩 satanab膩l膩艣a ca satiya岣� pattipa帽jak膩岣� |
膧thith膩y膩岣� sir膩l膩艣a ca sat奴bak膩 satanap膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.62)

127. Parantangana - Meaning other Tangana, In the tribute list (II.48.3); probably a northwestern tribe. (VI.9.63)

h峁涐梗墨vitharbh膩岣� k膩nt墨k膩sa ta峁単a峁嚹佱弗 parata峁単a峁嚹佱弗 |
Uttar膩艣a c膩pare malecch膩 jan膩 bharatasattama (VI.9.63)

128. Pasu (pa艣u) - In the tribute list (II.48.3); probably a northwestern tribe.

kha艣膩 ek膩艣an膩jyoh膩岣� parathar膩 th墨rghavenava岣�.pa艣up膩艣a ca ku峁噄nth膩艣a ca ta峁単a峁嚹佱弗 parata峁単a峁嚹佱弗 (II.48.3)

129. Parasika (p膩ras墨ka) - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.51); probably people of Persia or southern Iran.

t墨ragr膩h膩stara toy膩 r膩jik膩 ramyak膩 ga峁嚹佱弗 .tilak膩岣� p膩ras墨k膩艣a ca madhumanta岣� parakutsak膩岣� (VI.10.51)

Parasika (p膩ras墨ka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Paraswal

130. Parasika - Figure in 'geography' (VI.10.51); probably people of Persia or southern Iran.

131. Pichchhanda (piccha峁囜笉a) - A southern janapada subdued by Sahdeva (II.28.47).

ekap膩th膩峁兣沘 ca puru峁Ｄ乶a keval膩na vanav膩sina岣� |
Nagar墨峁� sa峁僯ayant墨峁� ca piccha峁囜笉a峁� karah膩峁璦kama .d奴taira eva va艣e cakre kara峁� cain膩na ath膩payata (II.28.47)

132. Pauraka (pauraka) - A northwestern tribe in the tribute list (II.48.13), identified with a Kabuli tribe of Afghanistan.

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� kuntham膩n膩艣a ca paurak膩 ha峁僺ak膩yan膩岣� .艣ibitrigartayaudhey膩 r膩jany膩 mathrakekay膩岣� (II.48.13)

Pauraka (pauraka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Paur

133. Prakustaka (parakutsaka) - In 'geography' (VI.10.51); possibly came from the Afghan-Pakistan border near Peshawar.

t墨ragr膩h膩stara toy膩 r膩jik膩 ramyak膩 ga峁嚹佱弗 |
Tilak膩岣� p膩ras墨k膩艣a ca madhumanta岣� parakutsak膩岣� (VI.10.51)

134. Pratimatsya (paratimatsya) - n 'geography' (VI.6.50); were neighbours of Matsya.

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乼h膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣� |
Thug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI.6.50)

135. Pradara - In the tribute list (II.48.37).

136. Prabhadraka (parabhadraka) - A Panchala tribe (VI.52.14).

dh峁涐梗峁璦thyumna岣� 艣ikha峁囜笉墨 ca p膩帽c膩l膩艣a ca parabhadrak膩岣� |
Madhye sainyasya mahata岣� sadit膩 yuthdh膩ya bh膩rata (VI.52.14)

137. Pramuda - In 'geography' with Kiratas; probably lived in the Yamuna region.

138. Prachya (par膩cya) - A tribe near Kerala in 'geography' (VI.10.57); skilled in fighting on elephanttback.

tharavi岣嵞佱弗 keral膩岣� par膩cy膩 bh奴峁�ik膩 vanav膩sina岣� |
Unnatyak膩 m膩hi峁�ak膩 vikalp膩 m奴峁�ak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.57)

139. Paravrsheya (par膩v峁涐梗eya) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.49); possibly the region of Sahya (mountains) in the Western Ghats.

mahyuttar膩岣� par膩v峁涐梗ey膩 bh膩rgav膩艣a ca jan膩dhipa |
Pu峁囜笉r膩 bh膩rg膩岣� kir膩t膩艣a ca sutho峁ａ箛膩岣� paramuth膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.49)

140. Parahuta (par膩h奴ta) - In 'geography' (VI.10.45).

mall膩岣� suthe峁ａ箛膩岣� par膩h奴t膩sa tad膩 m膩hi峁�a k膩r峁�ik膩岣� |
V膩h墨k膩 v膩峁璦dh膩n膩艣a ca 膩bh墨r膩岣� k膩latoyak膩岣� (VI.10.45)

141. Parostha (paro峁ａ弓ha) - A central Indian tribe (VI.10.60).

tarya峁単膩岣� kekarak膩岣� paro峁ａ弓h膩岣� parasa峁僣arak膩sa tad膩 |
Tadaiva vindhyapulak膩岣� pulinth膩岣� kalkalai岣� saha (VI.10.60)

142. Barbara ( barbara) - A northern Himalayan tribe (uttarajtha janmarah, XII. 200.39-40), (II.29.15) .

uttar膩 padajanm膩na岣� k墨rtayi峁�y膩mi t膩na api |
Yauna k膩mbojag膩ndh膩r膩岣� kir膩t膩 barbarai岣� saha (XII.200.40)

tata岣� s膩garakuk峁�isd膩na malecch膩na paramad膩ru峁嚹乶a |
Pahlav膩na barbar膩峁兣沘 caiva t膩na sarv膩na anayatha va艣ama (II.29.15)

Babbar (babbara) Jat Gotra found in Punjab when Sanskritised is Barbara.

143. Balirastra (balir膩峁ａ弓ra) - In 'geography' (VI.10.43), a variant of Malla; a janapada in the Vidarbha region.

膩thi r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� suku峁�峁�膩艣a ca balir膩峁ａ弓ra峁� ca kevalama |
V膩nar膩sy膩岣� parav膩h膩艣a ca vakr膩 vakrabhay膩岣� 艣ak膩岣� (VI.10.43)

144. Baliha (bal墨ha) - (V.72.14).

aja binthu岣� suv墨r膩峁嚹佱箖 sur膩峁ａ弓r膩峁嚹佱箖 ku艣arthdhika岣� |
Arkaja艣a ca bal墨h膩n膩峁� c墨n膩n膩峁� dhautam奴laka岣� (V.72.14)

145. Bahurvadya(bahu v膩dya) - In 'geography' (VI.10.53).

darv墨k膩岣� sakac膩 tharv膩 v膩taj膩ma radorag膩岣� |
Bahu v膩dy膩艣a ca kauravya suth膩m膩na岣� sumallik膩岣� (VI.10.53)

146. Bahlika - An ancient people known from the time of Atharva Veda and Satapatha Brahmana; closely connected with the Kurus of Mbh. Scholars identify them with the Bactrians of Balkh.

147. Bodha (bodha) - In 'geography;' a Yadava branch who fled westwards out of fear of Jarasandha (II.13.25).

艣奴rasen膩 bhadra k膩r膩 bodh膩岣� 艣膩lv膩岣� pataca car膩岣� |
Susdar膩艣a ca suku峁�峁�膩艣a ca ku峁噄nth膩岣� kuntibhi岣� saha (II.13.25)

Badhwar (badhav膩ra) or Bodh Jat Gotra may be identified with Bodha (bodha).

148. Bharga (bharga) - In 'geography' (VL1 0.49); dwelled close to the Vats as and Nisadhas in Bhima's conquest (II.27.10).

bharg膩峁嚹乵a adhipa峁� caiva ni峁Ｄ乼h膩dhipati峁� tad膩 |
Vijigye bh奴mip膩l膩峁兣沘 ca ma峁噄mata paramukh膩na bah奴na (II.27.10)

149. Bhadrakara (Madra) - Rank among the eighteen tribes of Bhojas who fled out of fear of Jarasandha (II.13.25); were part of the Salva confederacy.

艣奴rasen膩 bhadra k膩r膩 bodh膩岣� 艣膩lv膩岣� pataca car膩岣� |
Susdar膩艣a ca suku峁�峁�膩艣a ca ku峁噄nth膩岣� kuntibhi岣� saha (II.13.25)

150. Bhardwaja (bharadv膩ja) - Probably a Garhwal tribe, listed in 'geography' (VI.10.67).

膩trey膩岣� sa bharadv膩j膩sa tadaiva satanayo峁�ik膩岣� |
Aupak膩艣a ca kali峁単膩艣a ca kir膩t膩n膩峁� ca j膩taya岣� (VI.10.67)

Bhardwaj (bh膩radv膩ja) Jat Gotra may be identified with The Mahabharata Tribes - Bhardwaja (bharadv膩ja).

151. Bhargava - In 'geography (VI.10.49), could be from the western Ghats.

mahyuttar膩岣� par膩v峁涐梗ey膩 bh膩rgav膩艣a ca jan膩dhipa |
Pu峁囜笉r膩 bh膩rg膩岣� kir膩t膩艣a ca sutho峁ａ箛膩岣� paramuth膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.49)

152. Bhulinga -

153. Madaviraka (madaviraka) - Figure in the description of countries vanquished by Bhima (II.27.9).

niv峁泃ya ca mah膩b膩hura madarv墨ka峁� mah墨dharama |
Sopathe艣a峁� vinirjitya parayay膩va uttar膩 mukha岣� |
Vatsabh奴mi峁� ca kaunteyo vijigye balav膩na bal膩ta (II.27.9)

May be Mada + Viraka tribes.

154. Madra (madra) - A Vedic people of high status. At the time of the epic, their king was Bahlika, and probably hailed from a tribe that migrated from Iran or Bactria and settled in Punjab.

tata岣� 艣膩kalama abhyetya madr膩峁嚹佱箖 pu峁璦bhethanama |
M膩tula峁� par墨tip奴rve峁嘺 艣alya峁� cakre va艣e bal墨 (II.29.13)

The Mahabharata Tribes - Madra (madra) has may be identified with Jat Gotra - Maderna (madera峁嚹�) or Madrayana (madre峁嚹�)

155. Madhumanta (madhumanta) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 1 0.51), they came from Afghanistan.

t墨ragr膩h膩stara toy膩 r膩jik膩 ramyak膩 ga峁嚹佱弗 |
Tilak膩岣� p膩ras墨k膩艣a ca madhumanta岣� parakutsak膩岣� (VI. 1 0.51)

156. Madhyamikeya (madhyamikeya) - Probably indicates a place called Nagri near Chittor. Its ancient name was Madhyamika nagari (madhyamik膩 nagar墨).

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� kuntham膩n膩艣a ca paurak膩 ha峁僺ak膩yan膩岣� |
艢ibitrigartayaudhey膩 r膩jany膩 mathrakekay膩岣� (II. 48.13)

The Shivis (艣ivi) or Sibia Jats ruled this area. The classical writers locate Shivis (Siboi) at the confluence of Beas and Chenab. [57] Later they migrated to Rajasthan in the area of Madhyamika near Chittor from their coins bearing the legend Shibi janapadas have been found. [58] The Shivis tribe is known by several variants-Shiva in the Rigveda as one of the tribes defeated by the Bharata king Sudas; Sivi in the Aitreya Brahmana (VIII.23.10), Mahabharata (II.48.13), Sibi in Mahabharata (II. 48.13) Sibi in Mahabhashya on Panini (IV.2.52) where as Shaiba or Shaibayah as vishaya has been mentioned. Classical writers call them Siboi (Diodous 3, XVIII, 96; Strabo XV,1; Curtius IX,41)[59]There are ruins of an ancient town called 'Tamva-vati nagari' 11 miles north of Chittor. Ancient coins of Shivi people are found near this town bearing 'Majhamikaya Shivajanapadas' (majhamik膩ya 艣ivajanapadasa ), which means coins of 'Shiva janapada of Madhyamika'. The 'Tamvavati nagari' (tamv膩vat墨 nagar墨) was called as 'Madhyamika nagari'. These coins are of the period first to second century BCE. [60]

157. Mandaka (mandaka) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.42); a tribe of cowherds from central India.

govinth膩 mandak膩岣� 峁�a峁囜笉膩 vidarbh膩n奴pav膩sik膩岣� |
A艣mak膩岣� p膩峁僺ur膩峁ａ弓r膩艣a ca gopa r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� pan墨tak膩岣� (VI.10.42)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Mandaka (mandaka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Manda (man岣嵞�).

158. Murachipattana (murac墨 pattana) - Subdued by Sahdeva in the south (II.28.45); identified with Muchuri, a famous port near Calicut.

ye ca k膩lamukh膩 n膩ma nar膩 r膩k峁�asayonaya岣� |
K峁泃sna峁� kolla giri峁� caiva murac墨 pattana峁� tad膩 (II.28.45)

159. Malada (malada) - In 'geography' (VI.10.48); was defeated by Bhimasena in the east (II.27.8); probably people from central India.

andhr膩艣a ca bahavo r膩janna antargiry膩sa tadaiva ca |
Bahirgirya 膩峁単amalad膩 m膩gadh膩 m膩navarjak膩岣� (VI.10.48)
tato matsy膩na mah膩tej膩 malay膩峁兣沘 ca mah膩bal膩na |
Anavathy膩na gay膩峁兣沘 caiva pa艣ubh奴mi峁� ca sarva艣a岣� (II.27.8)

160. Malla (malla) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.45) and in Bhima's conquest after northern Koshala (II.27.3) The Malla resided in district Deoria (UP) and had their metropolis at Kushinagar and Pava, sacred sites of the Bauddhas and the Jainas.

mall膩岣� suthe峁ａ箛膩岣� par膩h奴t膩sa tad膩 m膩hi峁�a k膩r峁�ik膩岣� |
V膩h墨k膩 v膩峁璦dh膩n膩艣a ca 膩bh墨r膩岣� k膩latoyak膩岣� (VI.10.45)

tato gop膩la kaccha峁� ca sottam膩na api cottar膩na |
Mall膩n膩ma adhipa峁� caiva p膩rdiva峁� vayajayata parabhu岣� (II.27.3)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Malla (malla) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mahla(mahal膩)/Mall (malla).

161. Mahishakarshika (m膩hi峁�a k膩r峁�ika) - Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.45). Probably hailed from the region near the ancient city of Mahishmati.

mall膩岣� suthe峁ａ箛膩岣� par膩h奴t膩sa tad膩 m膩hi峁�a k膩r峁�ik膩岣� |
V膩h墨k膩 v膩峁璦dh膩n膩艣a ca 膩bh墨r膩岣� k膩latoyak膩岣� (VI.10.45)

162. Mahechchha (maheccha) - A janapada conquered by Nakula in the west, near the desert (II.29.6); could indicate the Maheya region of Ahmadabad where the river Mahi flows.

艣air墨峁�aka峁� maheccha峁� ca va艣e cakre mah膩thyuti岣� |
艢ib墨峁僺a tarigart膩na amba峁ａ弓h膩na m膩lav膩na pa帽ca karpa峁�膩na (II.29.6)

Could be Meham (mehama) town in Rohtak district in Haryana, as it is close to Sirsa town in Haryana.

163. Maradha (maradh膩) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.10.65).

tadaiva maradh膩艣a c墨n膩sa tadaiva da艣a m膩lik膩岣� |
Ka峁�atriyopanive艣膩艣a ca vai艣ya艣奴thra kul膩ni ca (VI.10.65)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Maradha (maradh膩) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mirdha (mirdh膩) found in Jodhpur region of Rajasthan.

164. Manavarjaka (m膩navarjaka) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.48); could refer to the Purulia and Dhanabad regions.

andhr膩艣a ca bahavo r膩janna antargiry膩sa tadaiva ca |
Bahirgirya 膩峁単amalad膩 m膩gadh膩 m膩navarjak膩岣� (VI. 10.48)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Manavarjaka (m膩navarjaka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Maan (m膩na) + Bardak (var岣峚ka)

165. Malaka (malaka) - In 'geography' (VI.10.61); a central Indian tribe.

m膩lak膩 mallak膩艣a caiva tadaiv膩paravartak膩岣� |
Kulinth膩岣� kulak膩艣a caiva kara峁囜弓h膩岣� kurak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.61)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Malaka (m膩laka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Malik (malika)

166. Malavanaka (m膩lav膩峁嘺ka) - In 'geography' (VI.10.58); scholars place them between Broach and Kutch (approx. Modern Ahmedabad).

kar峁噄k膩岣� kuntik膩艣a caiva saubdhith膩 nalak膩lak膩岣� |
Kauku峁�峁璦k膩sa tad膩 col膩岣� ko峁卥a峁嚹� m膩lav膩峁嘺k膩岣� (VI.10.58)

167. Mavellaka (m膩vellaka) - Mentioned among groups slain by Arjuna (VIII.4.47).

m膩vellak膩sa tu峁囜笉iker膩岣� s膩vitr墨 putra k膩帽cal膩ha |
Par膩cyoth墨cy膩岣� parat墨cy膩艣a ca th膩k峁�i峁嚹乼y膩艣a ca m膩ri峁�a (VIII.4.47)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Mavellaka (m膩vellaka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mavala (m膩val膩)

168. Mahishaka (mahi峁�aka) - In 'geography (VI.10.57);' identified with the people of Mysore.

daravi岣嵞佱弗 keral膩岣� par膩cy膩 bh奴峁�ik膩 vanav膩sina岣� |
Unnatyak膩 m膩hi峁�ak膩 vikalp膩 m奴峁�ak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.57)

膩khu babhruka vaktra艣a ca may奴ravadan膩sa tad膩 |
Matsyame峁Ｄ乶an膩艣a c膩nye aj膩vi mahi峁Ｄ乶an膩岣� (IX.44.77)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Mahishaka (mahi峁�aka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Bains (bai峁僺a).

169. Mudgala (mudagala) - Defeated by Krishna (VII.11.39), they are a Brahmin clan descended from the Paurava dynasty'.

170. Mushaka (m奴峁�aka) - Listed in 'geography' as a southern people (VI.10.57). The Musaka janapada is identified with the region near modern Hyderabad, on the bank of river Musi, a tributary of the Krishna. The tribe is regarded as a branch of a northern tribe documented by Alexander's historians as Musicanur, who were settled in Sind.

tharavi岣嵞佱弗 keral膩岣� par膩cy膩 bh奴峁�ik膩 vanav膩sina岣� |
Unnatyak膩 m膩hi峁�ak膩 vikalp膩 m奴峁�ak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.57)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Mushaka (m奴峁�aka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mushasela (mu艣膩sel膩) gotra Jats living in Tonk district in Rajasthan.

171. Moka/(Mau-kah) (mauk膩) - Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.38); could be a Kshatriya tribe from Kutch or Mewar regions.

艣奴rasen膩岣� kali峁単膩艣a ca bodh膩 mauk膩sa tadaiva ca |
Matsy膩岣� suku峁瓂a岣� saubaly膩岣� kuntal膩岣� k膩艣iko艣al膩岣� (VI. 10.38)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Moka (mauk膩) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Moga (maug膩)

172. Mohana (Modana) (mod膩峁嚹�) - Mentioned in Karna digvijaya (III. 241.47).

The Mahabharata Tribe - Modana (mod膩峁嚹�) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Modana (mod膩峁嚹�) who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.

173. Modapura (mod膩pura)- A tribal city subdued by Arjuna in the Himalayas (II. 24.10).

mod膩 pura峁� v膩matheva峁� suth膩m膩na峁� susa峁僰ulama |
Kul奴t膩na uttar膩峁兣沘 caiva t膩峁兣沘 ca r膩j帽a岣� sam膩nayata (II. 24.10)

174. Moda-giri (mod膩 giri) - Defeated by Bhima (II. 27.19); probably modern Monghyr.

ada mod膩 giri峁� caiva r膩j膩na峁� balavattarama |
P膩峁囜笉avo b膩huv墨rye峁嘺 nijagh膩na mah膩balama (II. 27.19)

175. Mauleya (mauleya) - Paid tribute to Yudhisthira (II. 48.14); dwelled on the banks of the Mula river in Baluchistan.

amba峁ａ弓h膩岣� kaukur膩sa t膩rk峁�y膩 vastrap膩岣� pahlavai岣� saha |
Vas膩taya岣� samauley膩岣� saha ka峁�uthrakam膩lavai岣� (II. 48.14)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Mauleya (mauleya) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Mola (mol膩) who live in Nimach, Mandsaur districts in Madhya Pradesh.

176. Yakrilloma (yak峁沴a loma) - Mentioned in Virata Parva (IV.5.4) in Matsya Kingdom. Hail from a region between dasharna in the south and Panchala in the north, near Surasena, through which Pandavas passed to the country of Matsya. Also in 'geography' (VI. 10.44);

antare峁嘺 yak峁沴lom膩帽a 艣奴rasen膩峁兣沘 ca p膩峁囜笉av膩岣� |
Lubdh膩 baruv膩峁嚹� matsyasya vi峁�aya峁� par膩vi艣ana van膩ta

vithehak膩 m膩gadh膩艣a ca suhm膩艣a ca vijay膩sa tad膩 |
A峁単膩 va峁単膩岣� kali峁単膩艣a ca yak峁沴a lom膩na eva ca (VI. 10.44)

177. Yavana (yavana) - Mentioned frequently as peoples of the northwest, and said to be descendants of Yayati's son Turvasu (I. 80.26).

yadosa tu y膩dav膩 j膩t膩sa turvasora yavan膩岣� sut膩岣� |
Daruhyora api sut膩 bhoj膩 anosa tu maleccha j膩taya岣� (I. 80.26)

178. Yugandhara (yuga峁僤hara) - Figure in 'geography'. (VII.15.30-31)

yuga峁僤harasa tato r膩jana bh膩rathv膩ja峁� mah膩radama |
V膩ray膩ma 膩sa sa峁僰ruthdha峁� v膩tothdh奴tama iv膩r峁嘺vama (VII.15.30)
yudhi峁ａ弓hira峁� sa vithdhv膩 tu 艣arai岣� sa峁僴ataparvabhi岣� |
Yuga峁僤hara峁� ca bhallena radan墨岣嵞乼ha ap膩harata (VII.15.31)
tato vir膩峁璦thrupathau kekay膩岣� s膩tyaki岣� 艣ibi岣� |
Vay膩ghrathatta艣a ca p膩帽c膩lya岣� si峁僪asena艣a ca v墨ryav膩na (VII.15.32)

179. Yaudheya (yaudheya) - A prominent and ancient people; mentioned in the tribute list (II.48.13). Yaudheya coins and a mint site have been found near Rohtak. Cunningham identified them with Johia Kshatriyas from Johiabar near Multan.

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� kuntham膩n膩艣a ca paurak膩 ha峁僺ak膩yan膩岣� |
艢ibitrigartayaudhey膩 r膩jany膩 mathrakekay膩岣� (II.48.13)

They are identified with the Jats clan Joiyas or Johiya[61] of Bahawalpur and Multan Divisions (Pakistan) and Bikaner, Rajasthan (India). Yaudheyas were the rulers of South-Eastern Punjab and Rajasthan. Even today these areas are inhabited by the Johiyas.

180. Ramatha (rama峁環膩) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.65) and in the Nakula digvijaya (II. 29.11).

rama峁環膩na h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca parat墨cy膩艣a caiva ye n峁沺膩岣� |
T膩na sarv膩na sa va艣e cakre 艣膩san膩tha eva p膩峁囜笉ava岣� (II. 29.11)

181. Rathoraga (radoraga) - A northwest frontier tribe. (VI.10.53)

darv墨k膩岣� sakac膩 tharv膩 v膩taj膩ma radorag膩岣� |
Bahu v膩thy膩艣a ca kauravya suth膩m膩na岣� sumallik膩岣� (VI.10.53)

182. Rasyakagana - A vagrant tribe in the southwest.

183. Rajanya r膩janya) - In the tribute list (II. 48.13); probably from Hoshiarpur region.

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� kuntham膩n膩艣a ca paurak膩 ha峁僺ak膩yan膩岣� |
艢ibitrigartayaudhey膩 r膩jany膩 mathrakekay膩岣� (II. 48.13)

184. Rajika -

185. Ramaka (r膩maka) - The people of the Ramaka mountain who were subdued by Sahdeva (II. 28.46) in the south.

thav墨pa峁� t膩mr膩hvaya峁� caiva parvata峁� r膩maka峁� tad膩 |
Timi峁単ila峁� ca n峁沺ati峁� va艣e cakre mah膩mati岣� (II.28.46)

186. Roma (roma) - A Roman city mentioned in Sahdeva's conquest.

ant膩kh墨峁� caiva rom膩峁� ca yavan膩n膩峁� pura峁� tad膩 |
D奴taira eva va艣e cakre kara峁� cain膩na ath膩payata (II.28.49)

187. Romaka (-sah)/Romana (rom膩峁嘺) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.54); probably a variant of Vahuka (Cr. Ed. II. 47.15).

vadhr膩岣� kar墨峁�ak膩艣a c膩pi kulinthopatyak膩sa tad膩 |
Van膩yavo tha艣膩 p膩r艣v膩 rom膩峁嘺岣� ku艣a binthava岣� (VI. 10.54)

188. Rohitaka (roh墨taka) - Listed in Karna digvijaya (III. 241.67); people of modern Rohtak in Haryana, the capital of Yaudheyas; it was subdued by Nakula (II. 29.4).

tato bahudhana峁� ramya峁� gav膩艣vadhanadh膩nyavata |
K膩rtikeyasya dayita峁� roh墨takama up膩thravata (II. 29.4)

189. Rshika (峁涐梗ika) - An important Central Asian people of Chinese origin, conquered by Arjuna (II. 24.24).

loh膩na paramak膩mboj膩na 峁涐梗ik膩na uttar膩na api |
Sahit膩峁僺a t膩na mah膩r膩ja vayajayata p膩ka艣膩sani岣� (II. 24.24)

190. Lampaka - A variant of Loha (II. 24.23); a northern people.

The Mahabharata Tribe - Lampaka may be identified with Jat Gotra - Lamba (l膩峁僢膩)

Ashoka's inscriptions chiseled on rocks and stone pillars located at strategic locations throughout his empire--such as Lampaka (Laghman in modern Afghanistan), Mahastan (in modern Bangladesh), and Brahmagiri (in Karnataka)--constitute the second set of datable historical records.[62]

191. Lalataksha (lal膩峁�膩k峁�a) - A northwestern tribe (II.47.15).

davyak峁Ｄ佱箖sa taryak峁Ｄ乴a lal膩峁�膩k峁Ｄ乶a n膩n膩thigbhya岣� sam膩gat膩na |
Au峁ａ箛墨峁Ｄ乶a aniv膩s膩峁兣沘 ca b膩huk膩na puru峁Ｄ乼hak膩na (II.47.15)

192. Langala(l膩峁単ala) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI.l0.55).

kacch膩 gop膩la kacch膩艣a ca l膩峁単al膩岣� paravallak膩岣� |
Kir膩t膩 barbar膩岣� sithdh膩 vitheh膩sa t膩mrali峁単ak膩岣� (VI.l0.55)

193. Lata (l膩峁璦) - Mentioned in Anusasana Parva (XIII. 34.17); hailed from. Southern Gujarat.

194. Loha (loha) - Vanquished by Arjuna (II.24.24); possibly Kashmir or an Afghan region.

loh膩na paramak膩mboj膩na 峁涐梗ik膩na uttar膩na api |
Sahit膩峁僺a t膩na mah膩r膩ja vayajayata p膩ka艣膩sani岣� (II.24.24)

Loha is a village in Ratangarh tehsil of Churu ditrict in Rajasthan.

195. Lohita (lohita) - Subdued by Arjuna after Kashmir (II 24.16); could indicate modern Leh.

tata岣� k膩艣m墨rak膩na v墨r膩na ka峁�atriy膩na ka峁�atriyar峁�abha岣� |
Vayajayala lohita峁� caiva ma峁囜笉alaira tha艣abhi岣� saha (II 24.16)

Lohita (lohita) was a Nagavanshi mahapurusha |
(II.9.8)

v膩sukisa tak峁�aka艣a caiva n膩ga艣a cair膩vatasa tad膩
k峁涐梗峁嘺艣a ca lohita艣a caiva padma艣a citra艣a ca v墨ryav膩na ..8..

Jat Gotras originated from Lohita - Lohamsher (lohama艣era), Lohmarod (lohamaro岣峚啶�), Loat (loata), Lohit (lohita), Loa (loa)

196. Lohajangha (lohaja峁単ha) - Bondsmen at Yudhisthira's court (II.46.21); hailed from Logar valley, south of Kabul.

膩varjit膩 iv膩bh膩nti nighn膩艣a caitraki kaukur膩岣� |
K膩ra岣� kar膩 lohaja峁単h膩 yudhi峁ａ弓hira nive艣ane (II.46.21)

197. Vakra (vakra) / Vakrabhaya (vakrabhaya) - A fierce tribe listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.43).

膩thi r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� suku峁�峁�膩艣a ca balir膩峁ａ弓ra峁� ca kevalama |
V膩nar膩sy膩岣� parav膩h膩艣a ca vakr膩 vakrabhay膩岣� 艣ak膩岣� (VI. 10.43)

198. Vadhra (vadhra) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.54).

vadhr膩岣� kar墨峁�ak膩艣a c膩pi kulinthopatyak膩sa tad膩 |
Van膩yavo tha艣膩 p膩r艣v膩 rom膩峁嘺岣� ku艣a binthava岣� (VI. 10.54)

199. Vanavasina (vanav膩si) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.57); hail from north Kanara.

daravi岣嵞佱弗 keral膩岣� par膩cy膩 bh奴峁�ik膩 vanav膩sina岣� |
Unnatyak膩 m膩hi峁�ak膩 vikalp膩 m奴峁�ak膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.57)

200. Aparavartaka (aparavartaka) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.61).

m膩lak膩 mallak膩艣a caiva tadaiv膩paravartak膩岣� |
Kulinth膩岣� kulak膩艣a caiva kara峁囜弓h膩岣� kurak膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.61)

201. Varmaka (varmaka) - A warrior clan, figures in Bhima's conquest of eastern countries (II.27.12).

艣armak膩na varmak膩峁兣沘 caiva s膩ntvenaiv膩jayata parabhu岣� |
Vaithehaka峁� ca r膩j膩na峁� janaka峁� jagat墨patima |
Vijigye puru峁�avy膩ghro n膩tit墨vre峁嘺 karma峁嚹� (II.27.12)

202. Vastrapa (vastrapa) - Figure in the tribute list (II.48.14) and probably came from the Girnar region in Junagarh.

amba峁ａ弓h膩岣� kaukur膩sa t膩rk峁�y膩 vastrap膩岣� pahlavai岣� saha |
Vas膩taya岣� samauley膩岣� saha ka峁�uthrakam膩lavai岣� (II.48.14)

203. Vanarasya (v膩narasya) - Listed in the 'geography' (VI. 10.43).

膩thi r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� suku峁�峁�膩艣a ca balir膩峁ａ弓ra峁� ca kevalama |
V膩nar膩sy膩岣� parav膩h膩艣a ca vakr膩 vakrabhay膩岣� 艣ak膩岣� (VI. 10.43)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Vanarasya (v膩narasya) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Vanar (v膩nara)

204. Vatajama (v膩taj膩ma) - In 'geography' (VI.10.53); came from the northwest frontier.

darv墨k膩岣� sakac膩 tharv膩 v膩taj膩ma radorag膩岣� |
Bahu v膩thy膩艣a ca kauravya suth膩m膩na岣� sumallik膩岣� (VI.10.53)

205. Vahika (v膩h墨ka) - In 'geography' (VI.9.45), A northwestern janapada (VIII.30.27); indicates the whole of Punjab.

mall膩岣� sude峁ａ箛膩岣� par膩h奴t膩sa tad膩 m膩hi峁�a k膩r峁�ik膩岣� |
V膩h墨k膩 v膩峁璦dh膩n膩艣a ca 膩bh墨r膩岣� k膩latoyak膩岣� (VI.9.45)
墨th峁浥浤� bar膩hma峁噀nokt膩 b膩hl墨k膩 moghac膩ri峁嘺岣� |
Ye峁Ｄ佱箖 峁�a岣峛h膩gahart膩 tavama ubhayo岣� 艣ubhap膩payo岣� (VIII.30.27)

Bahik (b膩hika) Bahika (b膩hika) Vahik (v膩hika) Vahika (v膩hika) Valhika (v膩lh墨ka) is used for the Jats of Punjab.

206. Vikalpa (vikalpa) - Figure in the 'geography' (VI. 10.57).

daravi岣嵞佱弗 keral膩岣� par膩cy膩 bh奴峁�ik膩 vanav膩sina岣� |
Unnatyak膩 m膩hi峁�ak膩 vikalp膩 m奴峁�ak膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.57)

207. Vijaya (vijaya) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 1 0.44).

videhak膩 m膩gadh膩艣a ca suhm膩艣a ca vijay膩sa tad膩 |
A峁単膩 va峁単膩岣� kali峁単膩艣a ca yak峁沴a lom膩na eva ca (VI. 1 0.44)

208. Vidarbha (vidarbha) - a famous ancient people of modern Berar, a branch of Yadavas. Their king Rukmi was the only ruler who could not join the Mbh. War, as neither the Kauravas nor the Pandavas wanted his help. His kingdom probably comprised only a portion of Vidarbha country, as the Vidarbha tribe figures on the Kaurava side (VI. 47.13 ),

vidarbhaira mekalai艣a caiva kar峁嘺pr膩vara峁嘺ira api |
Sahit膩岣� sarvasainyena bh墨峁�mama 膩hava艣obhinama (VI. 47.13 )

209. Videha (videha) - An ancient people of Mithila or Janakpore in Nepal. The Videha dynasty was a branch of the Ikshwakus whose main branch flourished in Koshala. Were not real participants in the Mbh. War, though their name figures in the narration of the Kuru army (VI.112.108) and Pandava army (VIII.3.18). Bhima conquered their country (11.26.4).

te videh膩岣� kali峁単膩艣a ca d膩艣eraka ga峁嘺i岣� saha |
Abhipetura ni峁Ｄ乼h膩艣a ca sauv墨r膩艣a ca mah膩ra峁噀 (VI.112.108)

210. Vindhyap(m)/ulaka (vindhyapulaka) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.60); indicates all tribes in the southern Vindhya-Satpura range.

tarya峁単膩岣� kekarak膩岣� paro峁ａ弓h膩岣� parasa峁僣arak膩sa tad膩 |
Tadaiva vindhyapulak膩岣� pulinth膩岣� kalkalai岣� saha (VI. 10.60)

211. Viraka (v墨raka) - Mentioned as a sinful people (VIII.30.45).

k膩ra岣� kar膩na mahi峁�ak膩na kali峁単膩na k墨ka峁�膩峁璦v墨na |
Karko峁璦k膩na v墨rak膩峁兣沘 ca thurdharm膩峁兣沘 ca vivarjayeta (VIII.30.45)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Viraka (v墨raka) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Virk (virka) , Wirk (virka), Birk (birka).

212. Vrika (v峁沰a) - A prominent nortwest tribe which lived by the profession of arms. Vrkasthala was one of the five villages demanded by Pandavas (V. 31.19) and lay on Krishna's route from Upaplavya to Hastinapura (V. 82.20).

ku艣a sadala峁� v峁沰asdalama 膩santh墨 v膩ra峁嚹乿atama |
Avas膩na峁� bhavetha atra ki峁� citha eva tu pa帽camama (V. 31.19)

v峁沰asdala峁� sam膩s膩thya ke艣ava岣� parav墨rah膩 |
Parak墨r峁嘺ra艣m膩va 膩thitye vimale lohit膩yati (V. 82.20)

v峁沰odara (Vrika+Udar) nibh膩艣a caiva ke cida a帽janasa峁僴ibh膩岣� |
艢avet膩峁単膩 lohitagr墨v膩岣� pi峁単膩k峁Ｄ伵沘 ca tad膩pare
kalm膩峁Ｄ� bahavo r膩ja峁兣沘 citravar峁嚹伵沘 ca bh膩rata (IX.44.100)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Vrika (v峁沰a) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Vrik (v峁沰a), Varika (varika)

213. Vrndataka (v峁涐箛岣嵞佱弓aka) - A western tribe subdued by Nakula (II. 29.10).

k峁泃sna峁� pa帽canatha峁� caiva tadaiv膩paraparya峁璦ma |
Uttarajyotika峁� caiva tad膩 v峁涐箛岣嵞佱弓aka峁� purama (II. 29.10).

214. Vaiyamaka (vaiyamaka) - Figure in the tribute list (II. 48.12) and identified with Aimaks of central Afghanistan.

k膩yavy膩 tharath膩 th膩rv膩岣� 艣奴r膩 vaiyamak膩sa tad膩 |
Authumbar膩 thurvibh膩g膩岣� p膩rath膩 b膩hlikai岣� saha (II. 48.12)

215. Vairama (vair膩ma) - Figure in the tribute list as dwellers of wastelands near the mouth of the Indus (II.47.10).

te vair膩m膩岣� p膩rath膩艣a ca va峁単膩艣a ca kitavai岣� saha |
Vividha峁� balima 膩th膩ya ratn膩ni vividh膩ni ca (II.47.10)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Vairama (vair膩ma) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Vaire (vaire)

216. Shaka (艣aka) - A northwestern tribe. (VI.20.13), (VI.10.50)

艣膩rathvata艣a cottaradh奴ra mah膩tm膩; mahe峁�v膩so gautama艣a citrayodh墨 |
艢akai岣� kir膩taira yavanai岣� pahlavai艣a ca; s膩rdha峁� cam奴ma uttarato 啶絙hip膩ti (VI.20.13)

艣ak膩 ni峁Ｄ乨膩 ni峁�adh膩sa tadaiv膩nartanair峁泃膩岣� |
Dug奴l膩岣� paratimatsy膩艣a ca ku艣al膩岣� kuna峁�膩sa tad膩 (VI.10.50)

217. Sakala (sakala) - The capital of the Madra tribe, identified with modern Sialkot. But Sakaladvipa is mentioned in Aruna's conquest of the north, the vicinity of the Himalayas (II. 23.15) and could indicate a group of tiny free hill states around Shimla.

sa tena sahito r膩jana savyas膩c墨 para峁僼apa岣� |
Vijigye sakala峁� thav墨pa峁� parativindhya峁� ca p膩rdivama (II. 23.15)

218. Sarmaka - An eastern tribe vanquished by Bhima (II.24.12).

219. Shanavatya (艣膩navatya) - In the tribute list (II.48.15); identified with modern Santhals.

艣au峁囜笉ik膩岣� kukkur膩艣a caiva 艣ak膩艣a caiva vi艣膩峁� pate |
A峁単膩 va峁単膩艣a ca pu峁囜笉r膩艣a ca 艣膩navaty膩 gay膩sa tad膩 (II.48.15)

220. Shivis (艣ib墨) - An ancient Punjab people vanquished by Nakula in the west (II. 29.6).

艣air墨峁�aka峁� maheccha峁� ca va艣e cakre mah膩thyuti岣� |
艢ib墨峁僺a tarigart膩na amba峁ａ弓h膩na m膩lav膩na pa帽ca karpa峁�膩na (II. 29.6)

221. Shirisaka (艣ir墨峁�aka) - Listed in Nakula's conquest of the west (II.29.6); identified as modern Sirsa in Hissar, Haryana.

艣air墨峁�aka峁� maheccha峁� ca va艣e cakre mah膩thyuti岣� |
艢ib墨峁僺a tarigart膩na amba峁ａ弓h膩na m膩lav膩na pa帽ca karpa峁�膩na (II. 29.6)

222. Sundaka - Listed in Karna digvijaya (III.241.42).

223. Shukara (艣奴kara) - A rare ethnic name in the tribute list (II. 48.24); presented hundreds of elephants to Yudhisthira.

k峁泃墨 tu r膩j膩 kauravya 艣奴kar膩峁嚹佱箖 vi艣膩峁� pate |
Athathatha gajaratn膩n膩峁� 艣at膩ni subah奴nya api (II. 48.24)

224. Sudra (艣奴dra) - An ancient tribe from the region of Aparanta in 'geography' (VI. 10.46). Nakula vanquished them near the Sarasvati (II. 29.9).

aparandhr膩艣a ca 艣奴dr膩艣a ca pahlav膩艣a carma kha峁囜笉ik膩岣� |
A峁璦v墨 艣abar膩艣a caiva maru bhaum膩艣a ca m膩ri峁�a (VI. 10.46)

艣奴dr膩bh墨ra ga峁嚹伵沘 caiva ye c膩艣ritya sarasvat墨ma |
Vartayanti ca ye matsyaira ye ca parvatav膩sina岣� (II. 29.9)

225. Surparaka (艣奴rp膩raka) - Refers to the people of modern Sopora, listed in Sahdeva's conquest of the southern region (II.28.43).

tata岣� 艣奴rp膩raka峁� caiva ga峁嘺峁� copak峁泃膩hvayama |
Va艣e cakre mah膩tej膩 tha峁囜笉ak膩峁兣沘 ca mah膩bala岣� (II.28.43)

226. Saundika (艣au峁囜笉ika)- In the tribute list (II.48.15). Saundika means a dealer in wine and the modern Sunri caste of Bihar and UP claim decent from ancient Saundikas. Sondhi, a Khatri sub-caste in Punjab, is also identified with them.

艣au峁囜笉ik膩岣� kukkur膩艣a caiva 艣ak膩艣a caiva vi艣膩峁� pate |
A峁単膩 va峁単膩艣a ca pu峁囜笉r膩艣a ca 艣膩navaty膩 gay膩sa tad膩 (II.48.15)
The Mahabharata Tribe - Saundika (艣au峁囜笉ika) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Sunda (su峁囜笉膩)

227. Shanda (峁�a峁囜笉a) - Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.42).

govinth膩 manthak膩岣� 峁�a峁囜笉膩 vitharbh膩n奴pav膩sik膩岣� |
A艣mak膩岣� p膩峁僺ur膩峁ａ弓r膩艣a ca gopa r膩峁ａ弓r膩岣� pan墨tak膩岣� (VI. 10.42)

The Mahabharata Tribe - Shanda (峁�a峁囜笉a) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Sunda (su峁囜笉膩)

228. Sakshaddruha (sak峁�adthruha) - Listed in 'geography' as a northwest tribe (VI. 10.64).

yavan膩艣a ca sa k膩mboj膩 th膩ru峁嚹� maleccha j膩taya岣� |
Sak峁�adthruha岣� kuntal膩艣a ca h奴峁嚹佱弗 p膩ratakai岣� saha (VI. 10.64)

229. Para Samcaraka (parasa峁僣araka) - Figure in 'geography' (VI. 10.60); possibly a nomadic tribe from central India.

tarya峁単膩岣� kekarak膩岣� paro峁ａ弓h膩岣� parasa峁僣arak膩sa tad膩 |
Tadaiva vindhyapulak膩岣� pulinth膩岣� kalkalai岣� saha (VI. 10.60)

230. Sanjayanti - A city-state of wild tribes defeated by Sahdeva in the south (II.28.11); linked with the old village of Sanjana or Sanjaya in Thana, Bombay.

231. Samanga - Listed in 'geography'.

232. Satiya (satiya) - A southern tribe (VI. 10.62).

m奴峁�ak膩 satanab膩l膩艣a ca satiya岣� pattipa帽jak膩岣� |
膧thith膩y膩岣� sir膩l膩艣a ca sat奴bak膩 satanap膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.62)

233. Sarvasenaya (sarvasenaya) - A Salva branch; listed in the 'geography' (VI. 10 59).

sama峁単膩岣� kopan膩艣a caiva kukur膩峁単atha m膩ri峁Ｄ佱弗 |
Dhavajinya utsava sa峁僰et膩sa tarivarg膩岣� sarvasenaya岣� (VI. 10 59)

234. Sairindhra (sairandhra) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.56).

o峁ａ弓r膩岣� pu峁囜笉r膩岣� sa sairandhr膩岣� p膩rvat墨y膩艣a ca m膩ri峁�a |
Ad膩pare janapath膩 thak峁�i峁嚹� bharatar峁�abha (VI. 10.56)

235. Sahyottara - Probably the people of Khandesh.

236. Satvata - An ethnic name of the great Yadava confederacy in Anarta. Satvata was a great King whose sons established at least four distinct lineages of Kshatriyas, viz. Bhoja, Andhaka, Kukura and Vrishni.

237. Savitriputraka (s膩vitr墨 putra) - A Salva branch defeated in battle by Arjuna (VIII.4.47) in the northwest; known as the hundred sons of Savitri and Satyavan (III.279.15).

m膩vellak膩sa tu峁囜笉iker膩岣� s膩vitr墨 putra k膩帽cal膩ha |
Par膩cyoth墨cy膩岣� parat墨cy膩艣a ca th膩k峁�i峁嚹乼y膩艣a ca m膩ri峁�a (VIII.4.47)

238. Simhapura (si峁僪apura) - A northwest settlement subdued by Arjuna (II. 24.19).

tata岣� si峁僪apura峁� ramya峁� citr膩yudhasurak峁�itama |
Par膩madatha balama 膩sd膩ya p膩ka艣膩sanira 膩have (II. 24.19)

239. Siddha (siddha) - A Himalayan people in 'geography' (VI. 10.55); also known as celestial ascetics. Shalya Parva (IX.44.59)

kacch膩 gop膩la kacch膩艣a ca l膩峁単al膩岣� paravallak膩岣� |
Kir膩t膩 barbar膩岣� siddh膩 vitheh膩sa t膩mrali峁単ak膩岣� (VI. 10.55)

putra me峁�a岣� parav膩ha艣a ca tad膩 nandopanandakau |
Dh奴mra岣� 艣aveta岣� kali峁単a艣a ca siddh膩rdo varadasa tad膩 (IX.44.59)

240. Sirala (sir膩la) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.62).

m奴峁�ak膩 satanab膩l膩艣a ca satiya岣� pattipa帽jak膩岣� |
膧thith膩y膩岣� sir膩l膩艣a ca sat奴bak膩 satanap膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.62)

241. Sukatya (suku峁瓂a) - In 'geography' (VI. 10.38); one of the tribes who fled westwards in fear of Jarasandha.

艣奴rasen膩岣� kali峁単膩艣a ca bodh膩 mauk膩sa tadaiva ca |
Matsy膩岣� suku峁瓂a岣� saubaly膩岣� kuntal膩岣� k膩艣iko艣al膩岣� (VI. 10.38)

242. Sudamana (sud膩m膩na) - A northwest janapada in geography (VI.10.53)

tharv墨k膩岣� sakac膩 tharv膩 v膩taj膩ma radorag膩岣� |
Bahu v膩thy膩艣a ca kauravya sud膩m膩na岣� sumallik膩岣� (VI.10.53)

243. Sudesna (sude峁ａ箛a) - Listed in 'geography' (VI.10.45).

mall膩岣� sude峁ａ箛膩岣� par膩h奴t膩sa tad膩 m膩hi峁�a k膩r峁�ik膩岣� |
V膩h墨k膩 v膩峁璦dh膩n膩艣a ca 膩bh墨r膩岣� k膩latoyak膩岣� (VI.10.45)

244. Sundaravega (sundara veg膩na) - A name of a family or clan (V.72.15).

hayagr墨vo vitheh膩n膩峁� varapra艣a ca mahaujas膩ma |
B膩hu岣� sundara veg膩n膩峁� th墨pt膩k峁Ｄ佱箛膩峁� pur奴rav膩岣� (V.72.15)

245. Suparsva (sup膩r艣va) - Bhima subdued king Kratha in Suparshva, between Kashi and Matsya (II.27.7); probably a Yadava settlement in Berar.

tata岣� sup膩r艣vama abhitasa tad膩 r膩japati峁� karadama |
Yudhyam膩na峁� bal膩ta sa峁僰hye vijigye p膩峁囜笉avar峁�abha岣� (II.27.7)

246. Sumallika (sumallika) - Listed in 'geography' with other northhwestern peoples (VI. 10.53); could be the inhabitants of Mulla pass.

tharv墨k膩岣� sakac膩 tharv膩 v膩taj膩ma radorag膩岣� |
Bahu v膩thy膩艣a ca kauravya suth膩m膩na岣� sumallik膩岣� (VI. 10.53)

247. Susthara(-lah) (susdara) - They rank among the tribes who fled westward after being defeated by Jarasandha (II.13.25).

艣奴rasen膩 bhathra k膩r膩 bodh膩岣� 艣膩lv膩岣� pataca car膩岣� |
Susdar膩艣a ca suku峁�峁�膩艣a ca ku峁噄nth膩岣� kuntibhi岣� saha (II.13.25)

248. Suhma (suhma) - One of the five Anava tribes of the east, mentioned in connection with digvijayas (of Pandu I. 105; Arjuna II 24.20). The country is identified with Radha in Bengal.

tata岣� suhm膩峁兣沘 ca col膩峁兣沘 ca kir墨峁��� p膩峁囜笉avar峁�abha岣� |
Sahita岣� sarvasainyena par膩madata kurunanthana岣� ( II 24.20)

249. Srnjaya/Somaka (somaka) - They were two main branches of Panchalas who joined the Pandavas; their leader was Dhrstadyumna (I. 185.1).

tatasa tadokta岣� parih峁涐梗峁璦r奴pa岣�; pitre 艣a艣a峁僺膩da sa r膩japutra岣� |
Dh峁涐梗峁璦thyumna岣� somak膩n膩峁� parabarho; v峁泃ta峁� yad膩 yena h峁泃膩 ca k峁涐梗峁嚹� (I. 185.1)

250. Seka/Aparaseka - Defeated by Sahdeva (II. 28.8) in the south; possibly from the region between the Chambal and Narmada rivers.

251. Saindhava (saindhava) - Amongst the tribes of the extreme northwest (III. 48.21, VIII. 4.96).

h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca c墨n膩峁兣沘 ca tukh膩r膩na saindhav膩峁僺a tad膩 |
J膩gu岣嵞乶a rama峁環膩na mu峁囜笉膩na satr墨 r膩jy膩na ada ta峁単a峁嚹乶a (III.48.21)

膩j膩neyai岣� saindhavai岣� p膩rvat墨yaira; nath墨ja k膩mbojavan膩yu b膩hlikai岣� |
G膩ndh膩rar膩ja岣� savabalena yukto; vayavasdito yothdhuk膩masa tavatharde (VIII. 4.96)

252. Shauvala (艣auvala) - In 'geography' among northwest tribes (VI. 10.52).

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� sindhusauv墨r膩 g膩ndh膩r膩 dar艣ak膩sa tad膩 |
Abh墨s膩r膩 kul奴t膩艣a ca 艣auval膩 b膩hlik膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.52)

253. Sopadesa (sopade艣a) - Conquered by Bhima (II. 27.9).

niv峁泃ya ca mah膩b膩hura matharv墨ka峁� mah墨dharama |
Sopade艣a峁� vinirjitya parayay膩va uttar膩 mukha岣� (II. 27.9)

254. Saubdhida (saubdhida) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.58).

kar峁噄k膩岣� kuntik膩艣a caiva saubdhid膩 nalak膩lak膩岣� |
Kauku峁�峁璦k膩sa tad膩 col膩岣� ko峁卥a峁嚹� m膩lav膩峁嘺k膩岣� (VI. 10.58)

255. Saudha (saudha) - Listed in 'geography' (VI. 10.40); could indicate Saudha, capital of the Salvas.

p膩帽c膩l膩岣� kau艣ik膩艣a caiva ekap峁涐梗峁環膩 yuga峁� dhar膩岣� |
Saudh膩 mathr膩 bhuji峁単膩艣a ca k膩艣ayo 啶絧arak膩艣aya岣� (VI. 10.40)

256. Saubalya (saubalya) - Mentioned in 'geography' (VI. 10.38).

艣奴rasen膩岣� kali峁単膩艣a ca bodh膩 mauk膩sa tadaiva ca |
Matsy膩岣� suku峁瓂a岣� saubaly膩岣� kuntal膩岣� k膩艣iko艣al膩岣� (VI. 10.38)

257. Stanapa (satanapa) - A wild northern tribe (VI. 10.62).

m奴峁�ak膩 satanab膩l膩艣a ca satiya岣� pattipa帽jak膩岣� |
膧thith膩y膩岣� sir膩l膩艣a ca sat奴bak膩 satanap膩sa tad膩 (VI. 10.62)

258. Satrirajya (satr墨 r膩jya) - Mentioned in the list of tribes whom Sanjaya saw in the court of Yudhisthira, in Rajasuya (III. 48.21); probably a trans-Himalayan kingdom.

h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca c墨n膩峁兣沘 ca tukh膩r膩na saindhav膩峁僺a tad膩 |
J膩gu岣嵞乶a rama峁環膩na mu峁囜笉膩na satr墨 r膩jy膩na ada ta峁単a峁嚹乶a (III. 48.21)

259. Hamsakayana (ha峁僺ak膩yana) - Figure as northwestern peoples in the tribute list (II. 48.13); identified with modern Hunza and Nagar in the extreme northwest of Kashmir.

k膩艣m墨r膩岣� kuntham膩n膩艣a ca paurak膩 ha峁僺ak膩yan膩岣� |
艢ibitrigartayaudhey膩 r膩jany膩 mathrakekay膩岣� (II. 48.13)

260. Harivarsa (harivar峁�a) - The last spot in the north which Arjuna could reach in his digvijayas (II. 25.7), after which lay the utopian land of Uttarakurus.

uttara峁� harivar峁�a峁� tu sam膩s膩thya sa p膩峁囜笉ava岣� |
Iye峁�a jetu峁� ta峁� the艣a峁� p膩ka艣膩sanananthana岣� (II. 25.7)

261. Hataka (h膩峁璦ka) - Gandharva territory near Kailash mountain and Manasa lake, subdued by Arjuna on his way back from the conquest of northern countries (II. 25.3).

ta峁� jitv膩 h膩峁璦ka峁� n膩ma the艣a峁� guhyaka rak峁�itama |
P膩ka艣膩sanira avyagra岣� saha sainya岣� sam膩sathata (II. 25.3)

262. Harahuna (h膩rah奴峁嘺) - Figure in Nakula's conquest of western quarters (II. 29.11) and in the tribute list (II.47.19; III. 48.21); could be tribes from the banks of Aragandava river in southhwest Afghanistan, known as Harahvaiti in old Iranian languages, though the name suggests a link with Hunas.

rama峁環膩na h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca parat墨cy膩艣a caiva ye n峁沺膩岣� |
T膩na sarv膩na sa va艣e cakre 艣膩san膩tha eva p膩峁囜笉ava岣� (II. 29.11)

c墨n膩na h奴n膩帽a 艣ak膩na o岣嵟玭a parvat膩ntarav膩sina岣� |
V膩r峁ａ箛ey膩na h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca k峁涐梗峁嚹乶a haimavat膩峁僺a tad膩 (II.47.19)

h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca c墨n膩峁兣沘 ca tukh膩r膩na saindhav膩峁僺a tad膩 |
J膩gu岣嵞乶a rama峁環膩na mu峁囜笉膩na satr墨 r膩jy膩na ada ta峁単a峁嚹乶a (III. 48.21)

263. Haimavata ( haimavata) - Himalayan people in the tribute list (II. 47.19).

c墨n膩na h奴n膩帽a 艣ak膩na o岣嵟玭a parvat膩ntarav膩sina岣� |
V膩r峁ａ箛ey膩na h膩rah奴峁嚹佱箖艣a ca k峁涐梗峁嚹乶a haimavat膩峁僺a tad膩 (II.47.19)

264. Haihaya (hehaya) - An ancient people famous in the time of Arjuna Kartavirya, who once occupied the whole of central and northern India barring a few parts in the east. They occupied the Chamba basin. (XIII.31.7-8)

tasy膩nvav膩ye thavau r膩jana r膩j膩nau sa峁僢abh奴vatu岣� |
Hehayasa t膩laja峁単ha艣a ca vatse峁�u jayat膩峁� vara (XIII.31.7)

hehayasya tu putr膩峁嚹佱箖 tha艣asu satr墨峁�u bh膩rata |
艢ata峁� babh奴va parakhy膩ta峁� 艣奴r膩峁嚹乵a anivartin膩ma (XIII.31.8)