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啶�啷佮ぐ啶距ぃ啶�啷�- [辫耻谤腻峁嘺尘- ] 笔鲍搁膧狈础
[Vol. VI., No. 1
table:
The difference between these may be seen in the following
Propagators'
names.
Name of the
Brahmanda Purana Visnu Purana
艢腻办补辫奴峁噄
艢腻办补辫奴峁噄
Bh. Pur膩峁嘺
Jatukarnya.
Rathetara.
Tathetara
滨办峁�a濒补办补
students. 1.
Paila
2.
3.
厂颈迟补产补濒腻办补
4.
Gaja
Krannca
Paija
痴补颈迟腻濒颈办补
痴补颈迟腻濒补
叠补濒腻办补
叠补濒腻办补
X
Viraja
In the Vijaya commentary on the 艢r墨madbhagavata the
name is written as Paingi instead of Paija or Paila. Nothing is
known about these Sakh膩s.
According to the Puranic tradition Ba峁�kala is mentioned as
the teacher of the three other students (Ba峁�kala and his four other
students are already mentioned). The variation of this
name is also Ba峁�kali. According to the 艢r墨madbh膩gavata
Ba峁�kali collected all Khilas from all the Sakh膩s and made
a Valakhilya-Samhita. This Samhit膩 was entrusted to Bala,
Nirbhajya and K膩s膩ra. The Vi峁ａ箛u-Pur膩峁嘺 tells us that Ba峁�kala
composed another three Samhitas and his three pupils were
K膩l膩yani, G膩rgya and Kath膩java. The Vayu-Purana tells that
Ba峁�kali, the Bh膩radv膩ja, taught his three Samhit膩s to three
pupils who were sages (Mah膩tm膩nah) and qualified persons
(Gun膩nvitas). Their names were Nand膩yan墨ya, Pannag膩ri and
Arjava. Similar data are seen in the Brahmanda-Purana in
whose opinion these three pupils are Apanipa, Pannagari and
Arjava.
CANAKYA'S APHORISMS IN PUR膧峁咥S
By
LUDWIK STERNBACH
[ 啶呧じ啷嵿ぎ啶苦え啷� 啶ㄠた啶�啶ㄠ�嵿ぇ啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぇ啶距え啷嵿く啷囙�� 啶椸ぐ啷佮ぁ啶�啷佮ぐ啶距ぃ啶距え啷嵿い啶班�嵿�椸い啶掂�冟す啶膏�嵿お啶むた啶膏�傕す啶苦い啶距く啶距��
( 啶椸ウ 啶�啷佮��, 啶呧ぇ啷嵿く啶距く啶距�� 啷оウ啷�-啷оェ啷� ) 啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶班ぞ啶溹え啷�啶むた啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿く 啶�
啶ㄠ��啶むた啶掂�氞え啶距え啶距�� 啶む�佮げ啶ㄠぞ啶む�嵿ぎ啶曕ぎ啷� 啶多�嵿ぐ啶о�嵿く啶�啶ㄠ�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿い啷佮い啶�啷� 啷� 啶むう啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶� 啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶班ぞ啶�-
啶ㄠ��啶むた啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿く啶距い啷嵿ぐ 啶︵�嵿さ啷� 啶�啷佮う啷嵿ぐ啶苦い啶�啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啷� 啶粪�熰�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距�氞��啶� 啶曕�嵿ぐ啷嬥ざ啶距ざ啷嵿�� 啶膏ぎ啶距�曕げ啶苦い啶距�� 啷�
啶掂た啶︵�佮し啶� 啶侧�囙�栢�曕�囙え啶距お啶� 啶�啷傕ぎ啶苦�曕ぞ 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿ぇ啶距ぐ啶苦い啶�啶距�� 啶�啶距�犩き啷囙う啶距う啶苦じ啶灌た啶む�� 啶� 啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶班ぞ啶�-
啶ㄠ��啶むた啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶�啶ㄠ�嵿く啶む�嵿ぐ 啶�啷佮う啷嵿ぐ啶苦い啶�啷� 啷� 啶むじ啷嵿く 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿ぇ啶距ぐ啶苦い啶�啶距�犩�嬥そ啶�啷嵿く啶む�嵿ぐ 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿う啶苦し啷嵿�熰�� 啷�
啶椸ぐ啷佮ぁ啶�啷佮ぐ啶距ぃ啶膏�嵿く 啶�啷冟す啶膏�嵿お啶むた啶膏�傕す啶苦い啶距く啶距�� 啷┼ガ啷� 啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ啶� 啶膏え啷嵿い啶� 啷� 啶む�囙し啷�
啷┼ォ啷� 啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶班ぞ啶溹え啷�啶むた啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿く 啶涏�嬥�曕�堗�� 啶膏す 啶膏ぞ啶�啷嵿く啶� 啶掂い啷嵿ぐ啷嵿い啶む��, 啷оェ
啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ啶� 啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶ㄠた啶班�嵿ぎ啶苦い啷囙し啷嵿さ啶ㄠ�嵿く啷囙し啷� 啶椸�嵿ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啷囙し啷� 啶掂ぐ啷嵿い啷嵿い啶ㄠ�嵿い啷�, 啷� 啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ啶� 啶呧え啷嵿く 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟��-
啶椸�嵿ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啷囙し啷� 啶掂た啶︵�嵿く啶ㄠ�嵿い啷� 啶むじ啷嵿ぎ啶距う啷� 啶�啷冟す啶膏�嵿お啶むた啶膏�傕す啶苦い啶距く啶距�� 啶曕�囙さ啶侧�� 啷┼ク 啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ 啶忇さ啶� 啶椸ぐ啷佮ぁ啶�啷佮ぐ啶�
啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿�� 啶膏�嵿さ啶曕��啶�啶距�� 啶多�嵿�熰�嬥�曕ぞ 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶掂ざ啶苦し啷嵿く啶ㄠ�嵿い啷� 啷�
啶呧え啷嵿く啷囙そ啶�啶� 啷┼ェ 啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ啶� 啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶椸�嵿ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啷囙し啷� 啶�啷佮ぐ啶距ぃ啷囙し啷� 啶� 啶膏ぎ啶距え啶� 啶夃お-
啶侧き啷嵿く啶ㄠ�嵿い啷� 啷� 啶む�� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙そ啶�啷嵿く啶む�嵿ぐ 啶ㄠた啶�啶ㄠ�嵿ぇ啷� 啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶曕�嵿ぐ啶�啶距え啷佮じ啶距ぐ啷囙ぃ 啶嗋�曕�� 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿う啷囙ざ啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啶曕ぎ啷�
啶夃げ啷嵿げ啶苦�栢た啶むぞ啶� 啷� 啷оガ 啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ啶� 啶膏ぞ啶︵�冟ざ啷嵿く啷囙�� 啶�啷佮ぐ啶距ぃ啷囙し啷� 啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶椸�嵿ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啷囙し啷� 啶氞�嬥��-
啶侧き啷嵿く啶ㄠ�嵿い啷�, 啶む�囙そ啶�啷嵿く啶む�嵿�� 啶�啶距�曕ぐ啶ㄠた啶班�嵿う啷囙ざ啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啶曕�� 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿う啶苦し啷嵿�熰ぞ啶� 啷�
啶氞ぞ啶｀�曕�嵿く啶班ぞ啶溹え啷�啶むた啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶椸�嵿ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啷嬥�� 啶︵ざ啶�啷嵿く啶距�� 啶栢��啶膏�嵿い啷�啶� 啶多い啶距が啷嵿う啶︵�嵿く啶距��
啶�啶苦�曕�嵿し啷佮ぐ啶苦え啶氞�囙え啶溹�嬥え啶�啷嬥え啶距ぎ啷嵿え啶� 啶むた啶�啷嵿が啶むう啷囙ざ啷�啶�啷囙�� 啶掂た啶︵�佮し啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶曕��啶�啷� 啶膏�傕�椸�嵿ぐ啶灌�椸�嵿ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿く啷囙そ啶ㄠ�嵿��-
啶班�嵿き啶距さ啶苦�� 啶嗋じ啷�啶む�� 啷� 啶忇い啷囙え啶距じ啷嵿く 啶椸�嵿ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啶膏�嵿�� 啶むう啶距え啷�啶�啶�啶� 啶�啶班�� 啶�啶灌い啷嵿さ啶�啶距じ啷�啶︵た啶むた
啶膏�嵿お啶粪�嵿�熰�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む��啶�啶む�� 啷� 啶呧い啶忇さ 啶椸ぐ啷佮ぁ啶�啷佮ぐ啶距ぃ啷囙そ啶膏�嵿く 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距く啶多�� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙し啶距ぎ啷囙さ 啶多�嵿げ啷嬥�曕ぞ啶ㄠぞ
啶膏�傕�椸�嵿ぐ啶灌�� 啶曕�冟い啶� 啷� ]
[asmin nibandhe pr膩dh膩nyena garu岣峚pur膩峁嚹乶targatav峁沨aspatisa峁僪it膩y膩岣�
( ga0 pu0, adhy膩y膩岣� 108-115 ) c膩峁嘺kyar膩jan墨ti艣膩strasya ca
n墨tivacan膩n膩峁� tulan膩tmakam 艣radhyayana峁� prastutam | tadartha峁� ca c膩峁嘺kyar膩ja-
n墨ti艣膩strasy膩tra dvau mudritamanthau 峁�a峁� pr膩c墨na kro艣膩艣ca sam膩kalit膩岣� |
vidu峁Ｄ� lekhaken膩pi bh奴mik膩 nirdh膩ritap膩峁環a p膩峁環abhed膩disahita峁� ca c膩峁嘺kyar膩ja-
n墨ti艣膩stramanyatra mudritam | tasya nirdh膩ritap膩峁環o'pyatra nirdi峁ａ弓a岣� |
garu岣峚pur膩峁嘺sya b峁沨aspatisa峁僪it膩y膩峁� 360 艣lok膩岣� santi | te峁�u
334 艣lok膩n膩峁� c膩峁嘺kyar膩jan墨ti艣膩strasya chokai岣� saha s膩mya峁� vatrtate, 11
艣lok膩岣� c膩峁嘺kyanirmite峁�vanye峁�u granthe峁�u varttante, 5 艣lok膩ca anya sa峁僺k峁泃a-
granthe峁�u vidyante tasm膩d b峁沨aspatisa峁僪it膩y膩峁� kevala峁� 39 艣lok膩 eva峁� garu岣峚pur膩
艣膩sya svak墨y膩岣� 艣峁璷k膩 prava艣i峁�yante |
anye'pi 31 艣lok膩岣� c膩峁嘺kyagranthe峁�u pur膩峁噀峁�u ca sam膩n膩 upa-
labhyante | te sarve'pyatra nibandhe var峁嘺kram膩nus膩re峁嘺 膩kara nirde艣ap奴rvakam
ullikhit膩岣� | 16 艣lok膩ca s膩d峁浥泍ena pur膩峁噀峁�u c膩峁嘺kyagranthe峁�u copa-
labhyante, te'pyatra bh膩karanirde艣ap奴rvaka峁� nirdi峁ａ弓膩岣� |
c膩峁嘺kyar膩jan墨ti艣膩stra峁� n膩ma grantho峁� da艣amy膩峁� kh墨st墨ya 艣at膩bdady膩峁�
bhik峁�urinacenajonapon膩mn膩 tibbatade艣墨yena vidu峁Ｄ� svak墨ye sa峁僩rahagranye'nta-
rbh膩vita 膩s墨t | eten膩sya granthasya tad膩n墨mapi para峁� mahatvam膩s墨diti
spa峁ａ弓a峁� prat墨yate | ataeva garu岣峚pur膩峁噀'sya pr膩ya艣a岣� sarve峁Ｄ乵eva 艣lok膩n膩
sa峁僩raha岣� k峁泃a岣� | ]
] 1. In his previous study 鈥淭he C膩nakya-raja-niti-艣astra and
the Brhaspati-Samhita of the Garuda pur膩na鈥� in the Annals of the
Bhandarkar Or. Res. Institue (ABORI XXXVII, pp 58-110) this
author came to the conclusion that the Brhaspati-Samhita of the
Garuda-par膩na (GP) is almost identical with C膩nakya's aphorisms,
the Canakya rajan墨ti 艣膩stra version (CR). He was able to prove
that seventy per cent of the Brhaspati-Samhita maxims of the
Garuda pur膩m are identical with CR. This study was based
on three texts of CR, viz. the text of the Cannkya-raja-nitis
艣膩stram ed. by Pt. 墨艣varn Chandra Sastr墨 (Calcutta Or. Series,
No. 2) (CRC), the MS. Sansk. f. 15 in the Bodleion Library
in Oxford (CRB) and the MS. 1559 in the Library
of the
15