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Language is generally perceived as the method of communication. It is essentially a social phenomenon, through which, we share our thoughts, experiences, emotions, commands, wishes, statements of facts etc. Thus, the basic function of language is 'communication'. Ancient scholars in India inquired into this concept and went beyond its mere communicative perspective. They portrayed it as the lamp that brought to light all the material objects. Had there been no language, everything would have remained in the darkness of ignorance. No knowledge or science would have originated. Nobody can fulfill his/her life in this material world, without the medium of language. Language which thus spreads over all walks of life is not just a medium of communication, based on syllable-word-sentence. Language can be perceived as the carrier of thoughts and ideas. Thus, beyond its communicative level, language is something, which carries within itself the entire culture of a community. Therefore an insight into the working of language can be the beginning of the philosophical inquiry.

One of the fundamental problems in the philosophy of language, that has attracted the serious attention of all thinkers, is the relation between 艣补产诲补 (the linguistic element) and its meaning (artha). The term 艣补产诲补 is normally used to refer to a linguistic element, which is the meaningful unit of speech. Indian thinkers uphold different views on the linguistic element that is referred to by the term 艣补产诲补. According to various thinkers, it is the articulated phoneme (惫补谤峁嘺) or the word (pada) or the sentence (惫腻办测补). But all of them emphasise the role of sentence in communicating the ideas conceived by the speaker. Therefore the study of sentence and sentence-meaning became one of the major concerns of linguists, grammarians and philosophers.

The present study titled "The Treatment of the Concept of Sentence: A Study Based on 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补", puts stress upon the different prospects regarding the basic element of the language-sentence and its meaning. The studies on sentence and sentence-meaning in ancient India are disseminated among the different systems of knowledge. The scholars in the Schools of 惭墨尘腻峁僺腻, 狈测腻测补 and 痴测腻办补谤补峁嘺 have devoted their effort to unravel the basic problems regarding these concepts. While analysing the concept of sentence, ancient thinkers tried to deal with two vexed questions: What is a sentence? and What constitutes the sentencemeaning? They have endeavored to answer these questions according to their preconceived notions.

In the science of Grammar, it was 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 (hereafter 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈), the great grammarian and philosopher, who discovered the depth and breadth of Sanskrit grammar. His magnum opus 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补m (hereafter 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补) created a philosophical dimension in the science of Grammar hitherto unseen. He explains the concept of language in different levels to have a comprehensive idea of its function. If language is perceived in the communicative level, sentence is the basic unit of language. The entire second 办腻峁囜笉补 of 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补 is dedicated for the syntactico-semantic analysis of the sentence. Here, 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 sets forth new visions and dimensions in the concept of sentence and sentence-meaning. His whole theory of language is to be understood from the context of his general theory of Akha峁囜笉a惫腻办测补. According to this theory, a sentence is the indivisible 蝉辫丑辞峁璦 or a unitary whole and the sentence-meaning is the kind of a flash of understanding called 笔谤补迟颈产丑腻. The present study tries to analyse the concepts and discussions on sentence and sentence-meaning, with special stress to 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补.

Today, language study possesses a multi-dimensional perspective, which has moved up even into the realm of the studies on history, culture, psychology and philosophy. In this scenario, an inquiry into the linguistic perspectives of ancient Indian thinkers is useful and appropriate. The present study tries to understand the sentence theory of 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 in a deeper level and find out whether his unnoticed ideas could be useful in interpreting the language phenomena. 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈's concepts are studied by many scholars of the East and West. Though many of his concepts are treated as mystic entities, the linguistic value of his views on sentence and sentence meaning is unraveled by modern scholars. But the ideas of Akha峁囜笉a惫腻办测补蝉辫丑辞峁璦, 笔谤补迟颈产丑腻 etc. are either taken for granted or are not given much importance in the linguistic point of view. Therefore it is significant to analyse these concepts wherever is available rather than keeping them away because of their philosophical or metaphysical label on them.

The present study comprises four chapters. The first chapter entitled "The Philosophy of Language; a 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈an Perspective" discusses the syntactic and semantic thoughts in India and the importance of 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 in Indian linguistic tradition. A brief survey of 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈's works and the commentaries of 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补 are also included in this chapter.

The second chapter titled "Various Perspectives on the Concept of Sentence in Indian System of knowledge" elaborately discusses various definitions of sentence propounded by different schools of thought. The different views of ancient Sanskrit scholars on the relation among the words in a sentence and their meanings, through which they are semantically connected to give a unified sense, are also explained in detail.

The third chapter named "T he Concept of Sentence and Sentence Meaning: Gleanings from 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补" is the discussion of the concepts of 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 on sentence and sentence meaning. It begins with presenting the definitions of sentence which are enumerated in the first verses of the second 办腻峁囜笉补 of 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补. In the second part, different ideas on the concept of sentence-meaning discussed by 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 are analysed and 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈's concept of 笔谤补迟颈产丑腻 as the meaning of sentence is also pointed out.

In the fourth chapter "T he Treatment of the Concept of 笔谤补迟颈产丑腻 and its Implications", the origin and development of the concept of 笔谤补迟颈产丑腻 in various systems of knowledge is discussed. The characteristics of 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈's 笔谤补迟颈产丑腻 and the implications of this very concept are also explained in this chapter. The thesis ends with a conclusion which is the conspectus of the important points noted during the study. The scope for the further study in the topic is also pointed out in this chapter.

At this juncture, I thankfully remember all who supported and inspired me throughout the period of research. First of all, I express my deepest gratitude to my supervising teacher Prof. 笔腻峁噄苍颈 Narayanan Namboodiri, whose proper guidance and wholehearted support helped me to materialise this thesis. I am grateful to Prof. C Rajendran, whose valuable suggestions helped me in choosing the topic of the study. I would like to thank Prof. N K Sundareswaran, Head of the Department of Sanskrit, Prof. K K Geethakumary and Dr. K K Abdul Majeed for their help with all matters related to my doctoral study.

I am deeply obliged to my teachers Prof. R Vasudevan Potti, Prof. O Vatsala and Prof. Krishnakumar, whose blessings made me confident to endure in Sanskrit Grammar. I am particularly thankful to Dr. Ajithan 笔腻峁噄苍颈 I, whose timely interventions helped me a lot in preparing the doctoral thesis.

I take this opportunity to thank the librarians of CHMK central library and the department library and the non-teaching staff of the department for providing all the timely support. I would also like to thank the University Grants Commission for funding the research.

It would be really unkind if I do not thank my wife who stood as a pillar for me to lean on during the difficult phases of my research. Last but not least, I thank all my family members and friends who supported me in all ways during my research.

Sarath P Nath