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But whatsoever the disease may be, it can never be produced without the association of Vayu, Pitta or Kapha Susruta, following the Samkhya view, here gives the analogy that just as all the manifested phenomena of the universe are but modifications of the three gunes Sattva, Rajas and Tamas, so also the three Dosas are at the root of all the varieties of diseases (SS.Su.24:8). Charaka also says that all kinds of Nija diseases are produced by Vayu, Pitta and Kapha and by nothing else. (The term Nija is used here to exclude the Agantu variety in which there is pain first due to any extraneous cause and then affection of the Tridosa afterwards). Just as a vulture, however much it may try, cannot overstep its own shadow, so also a disease which is produced by the unbalancing of the Dhatu, can never be dissociated from Vayu, Pitta and Kapha (CS I 19:16). When Charaka and Susruta say all kinds of diseases, they mean diseases whether mentioned by them in their respective treatises or not. Charaka has made this very clear when he says (CS.Su.18:44) that no body need be ashamed if he cannot give a name to a particular disease, because it is impossible to give a name to every disease. It is

307 only the more prominent and common diseases that are given individual names. The only thing to remember is that it is the deranged Dosas which produce the different diseases according to the particular causes of derangement and the particular places of the body affected Cakrapani says that the knowledge of the different names of diseases is for practical usefulness only; it is not essential for any course of treatment (CS.Su. 18:44). Susruta says (SS.Su.35:19) that as no disease can be produced without the association of the Dosas, so diseases which are not mentioned by name should be treated according to the particular symptoms characterizing the particular Dosa affected. It is the combination of the deranged Dosas with the different Dhatus and Malas of the body or the particular locations in the body affected or the particular causes aggravating the Dosas that give rise to the different varieties of diseases. When a Dhatu is very severely affected by a Dosa, the disease thus produced is named after the particular Dhatu affected. So we say that the disease is Rasaja, or Sonitaja or Mamsaja and so on (SS.I.24:8). Dalhana here says that we must remember that when, for example, we say that a disease is Rasaja contained in the Rasa Dhatu, just as when we say that a thing has been burnt by Ghee or oil or by iron or copper, we mean that it was burnt by the fire contained in those substances.