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We have proved that the Air, Fire and water Bhutas in their characteristic forms of Vayu, Pitta and Kapha are the causes of generation, preservation and destruction of the body. But like these three substances, Earth and Ether also go to produce the body then why have these two been excluded when postulating the Dosas? Susruta when describing the different temperaments says, According to some, the temperaments are classified according to the five Bhutas. Three kinds of temperaments due to Air, Fire and Water are similar to those of Vata Pitta - Kapha. Persons having Parthiva (Earthy) temperament are very bulky, their structures are very firm and they are generally of a forgiving nature. Those with Navasa (ethereal) temperament are long lived, the cavities of their noses, ears etc. are big and they generally lead a half life' (SS. Su.4:80). So we see that the Prithivi and Akasa are not only the causes of production of the body, but are also instrumental in the formation of original temperaments. But the is difference between this group of two and the other group of three is that like Vayu, Ap and Tejas. Prithvi and Akasa have got no

261 independent actions of their own and so they are not the direct causes of any disease. It is by association with any one of the other three substances that these two can function. Vayu and the other two however, can individually bring about an effect independently of any other substances. Vayu, Pitta and Kapha may be deranged by their respective Nidanas (i.e. causes of derangement), the derangement of one may be effected independently of any other derangements. The Earthy parts of the body, however, are affected only by the action of one or the other of the three substances, Vayu, Pitta and Kapha. So although the earth is a constituent, even the main support, of the body, it is not recognised as a Dosa, because it has no independent control over the preservation and destruction of the body. Similarly, although we have to acknowledge the existence of Akasa or ethereal space within the hardest stone, because otherwise no action can take place between two substances ( say for example between two paramanus or molecules of the stone), yet the other has no independent action. Also as the ether is not made up of parts like Vayu and others, there can be no vikriti or abnormality of Ether and consequently there is no question of its bringing about any derangement or destruction of other substances. We therefore conclude that both Prithivi and Akasa have nothing to do with the destruction of the body.

It is this reason that lead the Ayurvediste to Vayu, Pitta and Kapha postulate only three Dosas corresponding to the three Bhutas - Vayu, Tejas and Ap. 262